Most Popular Online Degree Programs:

Universities all around the country are seeing how effective and popular online degree programs are. It really is a burgeoning marketing and schools are looking for the best ways to expand their facilities and what’s being offered in order to remain competitive yet the most popular online programs have remained relatively steady over the last few years. Here’s a list of some of the most popular and successful online programs in America to date.

Healthcare Degrees

The healthcare industry has always continued to evolve with the times and there’s always been a demand for well-trained medical professionals and specialists to care for a growing population. All across the spectrum from a medical billing to a nursing degree online, all of these options have proven as lucrative as they are fulfilling. Though all of them have been successful, nursing programs seem to have shot to the forefront due to many factors. For one, nursing has always been a field of stability, which many would find attractive in such economically uncertain times. Other reasons include the excellent challenges and benefits.

Business Degrees

This is another field that universities have been very keen on expanding due to the high demand from students. You can get a business degree that runs the gambit, from an associates to a PhD. Usually people only use the online avenue for the Associate’s and Bachelor’s while taking a more traditional route as they get higher in their field, though this is likely to change in coming years. Through these programs you can get specialized training in many different areas of finance and leadership making an online degree accessible and affordable.

Education Degrees:

Everyone’s noticed that there’s an apparent lack of qualified professionals in America’s education system today. This is perhaps an avenue that offers more online options than anything else. Many people who go the online route end up going for graduate or post graduate degrees later on but there’s also training to take an education degree and apply it to other areas of the market making it so where people aren’t tied to a sinking ship.

As with everything else, the Internet’s made life that much easier. These degrees are a hot commodity and if you’re worried about the prestigious nature of your education, just look at so many of the colleges today pouring money into their online education programs. This is simply the beginning how many will likely experience higher education to, at least, some extent in the coming years. Before you make any decision check out a prospective program online and see any feedback it’s gotten. You can also make comparisons in order to get an idea of what it’s like.

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Writing Topics

Topics in the following list may appear in your actual
test. You should become familiar with this list before
you take the computer-based TOEFL test. Remember
that when you take the test you will not have a choice
of topics. You must write only on the topic that is
assigned to you.

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for
example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).
Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are
the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.

Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved
the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in
books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience
with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source
is more important? Why?

A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near
your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new
influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory?
Explain your position.

If you could change one important thing about your hometown,
what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to
support your answer.

How do movies or television influence people’s behavior? Use reasons
and specific examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television
has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use
specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big
city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and
details to support your answer.

“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has
nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the
quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your
position.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities
should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities
as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.

Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why
do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people
prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Some people believe that university students should be required to
attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be
optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use
specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the
qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your
answer.

It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built
in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why?
Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a
teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do
you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.

What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use
specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are
important.

Should governments spend more money on improving roads and
highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public
transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and
details to develop your essay.

It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big
city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to
develop your essay.

In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this
phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.

We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of
people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of
a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and
specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.

In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do
you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific
reasons and details.

A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What
do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your
town or city? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your
essay.

It has recently been announced that a large shopping center may be built
in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use
specific reasons and details to support your answer.

It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be
built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan?
Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should
sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons
and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television,
newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to
the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and
celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human
activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to
live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.

It has recently been announced that a new high school may be built
in your community. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use
specific reasons and details in your answer.

Writing Topics (continued)

Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number
of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community,
or even climate. Which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in
search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support
your opinion.

Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to
save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons
and examples to support your opinion.

You have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a
piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which
would you buy? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree
or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a live
performance (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more
enjoyable than watching the same event on television. Use specific reasons
and examples to support your opinion.

Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why
you think it has changed people’s lives.

• automobiles
• bicycles
• airplanes
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.

Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the
present. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of
technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it
more quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

The expression “Never, never give up” means to keep trying and
never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this
statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry
are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you
agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.

What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be
successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific
reasons and examples to support your choice.

Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other
dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to
travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your choice.

Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day’s
work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night.
Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
choice.

What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have
these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your
culture? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work
for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and
details to support your choice.

People work because they need money to live. What are some other
reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use
specific examples and details to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face
communication is better than other types of communication, such as
letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to
support your answer.

Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people
prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or
chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your
opinion, what does success come from? Use specific reasons and examples
to support your answer.

What change would make your hometown more appealing to people
your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most
important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons
and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should
never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons
and details to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should
never make an important decision alone. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or
to protect the environment. Which do you think the company should
choose? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other
movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of
movie do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses
should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons
and examples to support your position.

Some people are always in a hurry to go places and get things done. Other
people prefer to take their time and live life at a slower pace. Which do
you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Games are
as important for adults as they are for children. Use specific reasons
and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other
adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18
year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support
your opinion.

What do you want most in a friend — someone who is intelligent, or
someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable?
Which one of these characteristics is most important to you? Use
reasons and specific examples to explain your choice.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences
in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for
the future. Use reasons and specific examples to support our answer.

Some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business.
Others prefer to work for an employer. Would you rather be self-
employed, work for someone else, or own a business? Use specific
reasons to explain your choice.

Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and
replace them with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates
are a more important influence than parents on a child’s success in
school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire:
an inexperienced worker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a
higher salary? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think
that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons
and details to support your answer.

If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to
study, what would you choose? Explain your choice, using specific reasons
and details.

Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life.
Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What
is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would
give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with
shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends?
Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades
(marks) encourage students to learn. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.

Some people say that computers have made life easier and more
convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex
and stressful. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way
to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

Some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. Other
universities require students to specialize in one subject. Which is better?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children
should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls
should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

Is it more important to be able to work with a group of people on a
team or to work independently? Use reasons and specific examples to
support your answer.

Your city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous
person in your country. Who would you choose? Use reasons and specific
examples to support your choice.

Describe a custom from your country that you would like people
from other countries to adopt. Explain your choice, using specific
reasons and examples.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has
made the world a better place to live. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising
can tell you a lot about a country. Use specific reasons and examples
to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern
technology is creating a single world culture. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.

Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of
valuable information. Others think access to so much information
creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.

A foreign visitor has only one day to spend in your country. Where
should this visitor go on that day? Why? Use specific reasons and details
to support your choice.

If you could go back to some time and place in the past, when and
where would you go? Why? Use specific reasons and details to
support your choice.

What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people
in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
choice.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones
and email have made communication between people less
personal. Use specific reasons and examples to support your
opinion.

If you could travel back in time to meet a famous person from history,
what person would you like to meet? Use specific reasons and examples
to support your choice.

If you could meet a famous entertainer or athlete, who would that
be, and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
choice.

If you could ask a famous person one question, what would you ask?
Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Some people prefer to live in places that have the same weather or
climate all year long. Others like to live in areas where the weather
changes several times a year. Which do you prefer? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your choice.

Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or
university. What are some of the important qualities of a good
roommate? Use specific reasons and examples to explain why these
qualities are important.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing
plays an important role in a culture. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

Some people think governments should spend as much money as
possible exploring outer space (for example, traveling to the Moon and to
other planets). Other people disagree and think governments should
spend this money for our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two
opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support
your answer.

People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of
modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their
gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress?
Use specific details and examples in your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should
be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.

If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to
an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? Use
specific reasons and details to explain your choice.

You have been told that dormitory rooms at your university must be
shared by two students. Would you rather have the university assign a
student to share a room with you, or would you rather choose your own
roommate? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

Writing Topics (continued)

Some people think that governments should spend as much money
as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Other
people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more
basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Use
specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines.
Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree
or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example,
honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be
successful in life? Use specific reasons and examples from your
experience to explain your answer. When you write your answer, you are
not limited to the examples listed in the question.

It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its
members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the
contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do
you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to
support your answer.

Students at universities often have a choice of places to live. They may
choose to live in university dormitories, or they may choose to live in
apartments in the community. Compare the advantages of living in
university housing with the advantages of living in an apartment in the
community. Where would you prefer to live? Give reasons for your
preference.

You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64
kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you
could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give
specific reasons for your choice.

Some people believe that a college or university education should be
available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be
available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you
agree with? Explain why.

Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by
listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe
that the best way of learning about life is through personal
experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of
learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific
examples to support your preference.

When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the
customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs.
Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your
answer with specific details.

Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone. Others like
to be with friends most of the time. Do you prefer to spend your
time alone or with friends? Use specific reasons to support your
answer.

Some people prefer to spend time with one or two close friends. Others
choose to spend time with a large number of friends. Compare the
advantages of each choice. Which of these two ways of spending time do
you prefer? Use specific reasons to support your answer.

Some people think that children should begin their formal
education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on
school studies. Others believe that young children should spend
most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view
do you agree with? Why?

The government has announced that it plans to build a new university.
Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate
the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing
a new university in your community. Use specific details in your
discussion.

Some people think that the family is the most important influence
on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most
important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree
with? Use examples to support your position.

Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully.
Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Compare
the benefits of planning free-time activities with the benefits of not
making plans. Which do you prefer — planning or not planning for your
leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.

People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things;
other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening
to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is
best for you? Use specific examples to support your choice.

Some people choose friends who are different from themselves. Others
choose friends who are similar to themselves. Compare the advantages of
having friends who are different from you with the advantages of having
friends who are similar to you. Which kind of friend do you prefer for
yourself? Why?

Some people enjoy change, and they look forward to new
experiences. Others like their lives to stay the same, and they do
not change their usual habits. Compare these two approaches to
life. Which approach do you prefer? Explain why.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave
differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different
clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to
support your answer.

Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful
thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use
reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.

Some people trust their first impressions about a person’s character
because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people
do not judge a person’s character quickly because they believe first
impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which
attitude do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are
never satisfied with what they have; they always want something
more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your
answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should
read only those books that are about real events, real people, and
established facts. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more
important for students to study history and literature than it is for
them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students
should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use
specific reasons to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is
nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific
reasons and examples to support your position.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Reading fiction
(such as novels and short stories) is more enjoyable than watching movies.
Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of
every school day. Other people believe that students should spend
the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you
agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some
people want a center for business research. Other people want a center
for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research
centers do you recommend for your country? Use specific reasons in your
recommendation.

Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing
sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who
earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

If you could invent something new, what product would you
develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person’s
childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most
important years of a person’s life. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children
should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are
able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other
high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of
these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing a
game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High schools
should allow students to study the courses that students want to study. Use
specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better
to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

What do you consider to be the most important room in a house? Why is
this room more important to you than any other room? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Some items (such as clothes or furniture) can be made by hand or by
machine. Which do you prefer — items made by hand or items
made by machine? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your
choice.

If you could make one important change in a school that you attended,
what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to
support your answer.

A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute
to a child’s development. What gift would you give to help a child
develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your
choice.

Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each
year. Others believe that students should have several short vacations
throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your choice.

Would you prefer to live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment
building? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.

Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do
not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that
may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific
reasons and examples to support your answer.

Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors. Other people
prefer to spend their leisure time indoors. Would you prefer to be
outside or would you prefer to be inside for your leisure activities?
Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.

Your school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best
way for your school to spend this money? Use specific reasons and details
to support your choice.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing
games teaches us about life. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would
you use this land? Use specific details to explain your answer.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching
television is bad for children. Use specific details and examples to
support your answer.

What is the most important animal in your country? Why is the animal
important? Use reasons and specific details to explain your answer.

Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such
as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is
disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A zoo has no
useful purpose. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

In some countries, people are no longer allowed to smoke in many
public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good rule or
a bad rule? Use specific reasons and details to support your position.

Plants can provide food, shelter, clothing, or medicine. What is one kind of
plant that is important to you or the people in your country? Use specific
reasons and details to explain your choice.

You have the opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks.
Which country would you like to visit? Use specific reasons and
details to explain your choice.

In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using
technology such as computers or television or of studying at traditional
schools. Which would you prefer? Use reasons and specific details to
explain your choice.

When famous people such as actors, athletes and rock stars give
their opinions, many people listen. Do you think we should pay
attention to these opinions? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.

The twentieth century saw great change. In your opinion, what is one
change that should be remembered about the twentieth century? Use
specific reasons and details to explain your choice.

When people need to complain about a product or poor service,
some prefer to complain in writing and others prefer to complain in
person. Which way do you prefer? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

People remember special gifts or presents that they have received. Why?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Some famous athletes and entertainers earn millions of dollars every
year. Do you think these people deserve such high salaries? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Writing Topics (continued)

Is the ability to read and write more important today than in the past?
Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

People do many different things to stay healthy. What do you do for
good health? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
answer.

You have decided to give several hours of your time each month to
improve the community where you live. What is one thing you will do to
improve your community? Why? Use specific reasons and details to
explain your choice.

People recognize a difference between children and adults. What
events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult? Use
specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

Your school has enough money to purchase either computers for students
or books for the library. Which should your school choose to buy —
computers or books? Use specific reasons and examples to support your
recommendation.

Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their
home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific
reasons and details to explain your answer.

People listen to music for different reasons and at different times. Why is
music important to many people? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your choice.

Groups or organizations are an important part of some people’s lives.
Why are groups or organizations important to people? Use specific
reasons and examples to explain your answer.

Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from your
home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can
take one additional thing. What would you take and why? Use specific
reasons and details to support your choice.

When students move to a new school, they sometimes face
problems. How can schools help these students with their problems?
Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or
damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and
specific examples to explain your answer.

Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is
your generation different from your parents’ generation? Use
specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

Some students like classes where teachers lecture (do all of the talking) in
class. Other students prefer classes where the students do some of the
talking. Which type of class do you prefer? Give specific reasons and
details to support your choice.

Holidays honor people or events. If you could create a new holiday,
what person or event would it honor and how would you want
people to celebrate it? Use specific reasons and details to support
your answer.

A friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either

• to go on vacation
• to buy a car
Your friend has asked you for advice. Compare your friend’s two choices
and explain which one you think your friend should choose. Use specific
reasons and details to support your choice.
The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new
century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer.

What are some of the qualities of a good parent? Use specific details and
examples to explain your answer.

Movies are popular all over the world. Explain why movies are so
popular. Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.

In your country, is there more need for land to be left in its natural
condition or is there more need for land to be developed for housing and
industry? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Many people have a close relationship with their pets. These people
treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family. In
your opinion, are such relationships good? Why or why not? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Films can tell us a lot about the country where they were made. What
have you learned about a country from watching its movies? Use specific
examples and details to support your response.

Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a
group of students. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer.

You have enough money to purchase either a house or a business. Which would you choose to buy? Give specific reasons to explain your choice.

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1.Massachusetts Institute of Technology

School of Engineering

77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 1-206 Cambridge, MA 02139-4307

Admissions Phone:  (617) 253-2917

Admissions E-mail: mitgrad@mit.edu

Web site:

http://web.mit.edu/admissions/graduate/

Electronic application:

2. Stanford University

Admissions Phone:  (650) 723-4291

Admissions E-mail: gradadmissions@stanford.edu

Web site:

http://soe.stanford.edu/

Electronic application:

http://gradadmissions.stanford.edu

3. University of California–Berkeley

College of Engineering

Admissions Phone:  (510) 642-7405

Admissions E-mail: gradadm@berkeley.edu

Web site:

http://www.grad.berkeley.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.grad.berkeley.edu/admissions/grad_app.shtml

4. Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Institute of Technology

Admissions Phone: (412) 268-2478

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site:

http://www.cit.cmu.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.cit.cmu.edu/grad

5. University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign

Admissions Phone:  (217) 333-0035

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site:

http://engineering.illinois.edu

Electronic application:

http://admissions.illinois.edu/apply/index.html

6. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

College of Engineering

Admissions Phone:  (734) 647-7090

Admissions E-mail: grad-ed@engin.umich.edu

Web site:

http://www.engin.umich.edu/gradprograms

Electronic application:

http://www.engin.umich.edu/gradadmissions

7. California Institute of Technology

Admissions Phone: (626) 395-6346

Admissions E-mail: gradofc@its.caltech.edu

Web site:

http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/admissionOnline.htm

8. Georgia Institute of Technology

College of Engineering

Admissions Phone:  (404) 894-1610

Admissions E-mail: gradstudies@gatech.edu

Web site:

http://www.grad.gatech.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradadmiss.gatech.edu/

9. Cornell University

College of Engineering

Admissions Phone:  (607) 255-5820

Admissions E-mail: ah33@cornell.edu

Web site:

http://www.engineering.cornell.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradschool.cornell.edu

10. University of Texas–Austin (Cockrell)

Cockrell School of Engineering

Admissions Phone:  (512) 475-7390

Admissions E-mail: adgrd@utxdp.its.utexas.edu

Web site:

http://www.engr.utexas.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.utexas.edu/student/giac/

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sample argument topics

When you take the test, you will be presented  one Argument topic from this pool of Argument topics for the analytical writing section of the GRE General Test. we give you the surety to come argument from these  samples of arguments.

The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Therefore, read your test topic carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.

A recent study shows that people living on the continent of North America suffer 9 times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic depression than do people living on the continent of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20 grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease-preventing properties. Thus, North Americans should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a way of preventing fatigue and depression.

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The following is taken from the editorial section of the local newspaper in Rockingham.

“In order to save a considerable amount of money, Rockingham’s century-old town hall should be torn down and replaced by the larger and more energy-efficient building that some citizens have proposed. The old town hall is too small to comfortably accommodate the number of people who are employed by the town. In addition, it is very costly to heat the old hall in winter and cool it in summer. The new, larger building would be more energy efficient, costing less per square foot to heat and cool than the old hall. Furthermore, it would be possible to rent out some of the space in the new building, thereby generating income for the town of Rockingham.”

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Claitown University needs both affordable housing for its students and a way to fund the building of such housing. The best solution to this problem is to commission a famous architect known for experimental and futuristic buildings. It is common knowledge that tourists are willing to pay money to tour some of the architect’s buildings, so it can be expected that tourists will want to visit this new building. The income from the fees charged to tourists will soon cover the building costs. Furthermore, such a building will attract new students as well as donations from alumni. And even though such a building will be much larger than our current need for student housing, part of the building can be used as office space.

———————————————

The following appeared in a business magazine.

“As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a local newspaper.

“People should not be misled by the advertising competition between Coldex and Cold-Away, both popular over-the-counter cold medications that anyone can purchase without a doctor’s prescription. Each brand is accusing the other of causing some well-known, unwanted side effect: Coldex is known to contribute to existing high blood pressure and Cold-Away is known to cause drowsiness. But the choice should be clear for most health-conscious people: Cold-Away has been on the market for much longer and is used by more hospitals than is Coldex. Clearly, Cold-Away is more effective.”

———————————————

A folk remedy* for insomnia, the scent in lavender flowers, has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. During the second week, the volunteers discontinued their medication. As a result, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. This shows that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia.

*A folk remedy is usually a plant-based form of treatment common to traditional forms of medicine, ones that developed before the advent of modern medical services and technology.

———————————————

Typically, as people age, their bone mass decreases, making them more vulnerable to bone fractures. A recent study concludes that the most effective way to reduce the risk of fractures in later life is to take twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily. The three-year study followed a group of French women in their eighties who were nursing-home residents. The women were given daily supplements of twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium. In addition, the women participated in a light weightlifting program. After three years, these women showed a much lower rate of hip fractures than is average for their age.

———————————————

The following appeared in a letter from a department chairperson to the president of Pierce University.

“Some studies conducted by Bronston College, which is also located in a small town, reveal that both male and female professors are happier living in small towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic area. Therefore, in the interest of attracting the most gifted teachers and researchers to our faculty and improving the morale of our entire staff, we at Pierce University should offer employment to the spouse of each new faculty member we hire. Although we cannot expect all offers to be accepted or to be viewed as an ideal job offer, the money invested in this effort will clearly be well spent because, if their spouses have a chance of employment, new professors will be more likely to accept our offers.”

———————————————

For the past five years, consumers in California have been willing to pay twice as much for oysters from the northeastern Atlantic Coast as for Gulf Coast oysters. This trend began shortly after harmful bacteria were found in a few raw Gulf Coast oysters. But scientists have now devised a process for killing the bacteria. Once consumers are made aware of the increased safety of Gulf Coast oysters, they are likely to be willing to pay as much for Gulf Coast as for northeastern Atlantic Coast oysters, and greater profits for Gulf Coast oyster producers will follow.

———————————————

The following appeared in a memo from the marketing director of Bargain Brand Cereals.

“One year ago we introduced our first product, ‘Bargain Brand’ breakfast cereal. Our very low prices quickly drew many customers away from the top-selling cereal companies. Although the companies producing the top brands have since tried to compete with us by lowering their prices, and although several plan to introduce their own budget brands, not once have we needed to raise our prices to continue making a profit. Given our success selling cereal, Bargain Brand should now expand its business and begin marketing other low-priced food products as quickly as possible.”

———————————————

The Mozart School of Music should obviously be the first choice of any music student aware of its reputation. First of all, the Mozart School stresses intensive practice and training, so that students typically begin their training at a very young age. Second, the school has ample facilities and up-to-date professional equipment, and its faculty includes some of the most distinguished music teachers in the world. Finally, many Mozart graduates have gone on to be the best known and most highly paid musicians in the nation.

———————————————

The following is a memorandum issued by the publisher of a newsmagazine, Newsbeat, in the country of Dinn.

“Our poorest-selling magazine issues over the past three years were those that featured international news stories on their front covers. Over the same period, competing news-magazines have significantly decreased the number of cover stories that they devote to international news. Moreover, the cost of maintaining our foreign bureaus to report on international news is increasing. Therefore, we should decrease our emphasis on international news and refrain from displaying such stories on our magazine covers.”

———————————————

The following recommendation was made by the president and administrative staff of Grove College, a private institution, to the college’s governing committee.

“We recommend that Grove College preserve its century-old tradition of all-female education rather than admit men into its programs. It is true that a majority of faculty members voted in favor of coeducation, arguing that it would encourage more students to apply to Grove. But eighty percent of the students responding to a survey conducted by the student government wanted the school to remain all female, and over half of the alumni who answered a separate survey also opposed coeducation. Keeping the college all-female, therefore, will improve morale among students and convince alumni to keep supporting the college financially.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a letter to the school board in the town of Centerville.

“All students should be required to take the driver’s education course at Centerville High School. In the past two years several accidents in and around Centerville have involved teenage drivers. Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained that they are too busy to teach their teenagers to drive, some other instruction is necessary to ensure that these teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving schools in Centerville, parents on a tight budget cannot afford to pay for driving instruction. Therefore an effective and mandatory program sponsored by the high school is the only solution to this serious problem.”

———————————————

The following is a memorandum from the sales director to the president of the Healthy-and-Good food company.

“A recent study indicates that Venadial, a new margarine currently produced only in the country of Alta, actually reduces cholesterol levels. Derived from the resin of pine trees, Venadial works by activating a metabolic response that is not yet well understood. However, cholesterol levels fell ten to fifteen percent among participants in the study who consumed Venadial daily, and the risk of heart attack by one-third. In addition, the new margarine is so popular that stores in Alta are unable to keep it on their shelves. Therefore, if our company obtains the exclusive right to sell Venadial internationally, our profits are sure to increase substantially within a very short time.”

———————————————

The following is a letter that recently appeared in the Oak City Gazette, a local newspaper.

“Membership in Oak City’s Civic Club — a club whose primary objective is to discuss local issues — should continue to be restricted to people who live in Oak City. People who work in Oak City but who live elsewhere cannot truly understand the business and politics of the city. It is important to restrict membership to city residents because only residents pay city taxes and therefore only residents understand how the money could best be used to improve the city. At any rate, restricting membership in this way is unlikely to disappoint many of the nonresidents employed in Oak City, since neighboring Elm City’s Civic Club has always had an open membership policy, and only twenty-five nonresidents have joined Elm City’s Club in the last ten years.”

———————————————

The following appeared in the annual report from the president of the National Brush Company.

“In order to save money, we at the National Brush Company have decided to pay our employees for each brush they produce instead of for the time they spend producing brushes. We believe that this policy will lead to the production of more and better brushes, will allow us to reduce our staff size, and will enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours — resulting in savings on electricity and security costs. These changes will ensure that the best workers keep their jobs and that the company will earn a profit in the coming year.”

———————————————

The following is a memorandum written by the director of personnel to the president of the Cedar Corporation.

“It would be a mistake to rehire the Good-Taste Company to supply the food in our employee cafeteria next year. It is the second most expensive caterer in the city. In addition, its prices have risen in each of the last three years, and it refuses to provide meals for people on special diets. Just last month three employees complained to me that they no longer eat in the cafeteria because they find the experience ‘unbearable.’ Our company should instead hire Discount Foods. Discount is a family-owned local company and it offers a varied menu of fish and poultry. I recently tasted a sample lunch at one of the many companies that Discount serves and it was delicious — an indication that hiring Discount will lead to improved employee satisfaction.”

———————————————

The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.

“Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee — a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course.”

———————————————

From a letter to the editor of a city newspaper.

“One recent research study has indicated that many adolescents need more sleep than they are getting, and another study has shown that many high school students in our city are actually dissatisfied with their own academic performance. As a way of combating these problems, the high schools in our city should begin classes at 8:30 A.M. instead of 7:30 A.M., and end the school day an hour later. This arrangement will give students an extra hour of sleep in the morning, thereby making them more alert and more productive. Consequently, the students will perform better on tests and other assignments, and their academic skills will improve significantly.”

———————————————

Butter has now been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who still ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers cannot distinguish margarine from butter, or they use the term ‘butter’ to refer to either butter or margarine. Thus, to avoid the expense of purchasing butter, the Happy Pancake House should extend this cost-saving change to its restaurants in the southeast and northeast as well.

———————————————

Many employees of major United States corporations are fearful that they will lose their jobs in the near future, but this fear is largely unfounded. According to a recent study, a majority of companies expected to make new hires in the coming year, while fewer companies expected to lay off employees. In addition, although it is very disturbing to be laid off, the proliferation of programs and of workshops designed to improve job-finding skills has made being laid off far less painful than it once was.

———————————————

In the Bayhead Public Library, books that are rarely borrowed continue to take up shelf space year after year, while people who want to read a recent novel frequently find that the library’s only copy is checked out. Clearly, the library’s plan to replace books that are borrowed no more than once a year with sufficient copies of more recent books will solve this problem. The protest we have heard since this plan was made public has come from a small, and thus unrepresentative, group of some thirty people and so should therefore be ignored.

———————————————

The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment building to its manager.

“One month ago, all the showerheads on the first five floors of SunnysideT owers were modified to restrict the water flow to approximately 1/3 of its original force. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, restricting water flow throughout all the 20 floors of Sunnyside Towers will increase our profits further.”

———————————————

The following is a recommendation from the director of personnel to the president of Professional Printing Company.

“In a recent telephone survey of automobile factory workers, older employees were less likely to report that having a supervisor present increases their productivity. Among workers aged 18 to 29, 27 percent said that they are more productive in the presence of their immediate supervisor, compared to 12 percent for those aged 30 or over, and only 8 percent for those aged 50 or over. Clearly, if our printing company hires mainly older employees, we will increase productivity and save money because of the reduced need for supervisors. ”

———————————————

The following appeared as part of an article in a health magazine.

“A new discovery warrants a drastic change in the diets of people living in the United States. Two scientists have recently suggested that omega -3 fatty acids (found in some fish and fish oils) play a key role in mental health. Our ancestors, who ate less saturated fat and more polyunsaturated fat, including omega -3 fatty acids, were much less likely to suffer from depression than we are today. Moreover, modern societies — such as those in Japan and Taiwan — that consume large quantities of fish report depression rates lower than that in the United States. Given this link between omega -3 fatty acids and depression, it is important for all people in the United States to increase their consumption of fish in order to prevent depression.”

———————————————

A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids — a painkiller — to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

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The following is a recommendation from the dean at Foley College, a small liberal arts college, to the president of the college.

“Since college-bound students are increasingly concerned about job prospects after graduation, Foley College should attempt to increase enrollment by promising to find its students jobs after they graduate. Many administrators feel that this strategy is a way for Foley to compete against larger and more prestigious schools and to encourage students to begin preparing for careers as soon as they enter college. Furthermore, a student who must choose a career path within his or her first year of college and who is guaranteed a job after graduation is more likely to successfully complete the coursework that will prepare him or her for the future.”

———————————————

The following is a letter to the editor of the Glenville Gazette, a local newspaper.

“Over the past few years, the number of people who have purchased advance tickets for the Glenville Summer Concert series has declined, indicating lack of community support. Although the weather has been unpredictable in the past few years, this cannot be the reason for the decline in advance ticket purchases, because many people attended the concerts even in bad weather. Clearly, then, the reason for the decline is the choice of music, so the organizers of the concert should feature more modern music in the future and should be sure to include music composed by Richerts, whose recordings Glenville residents purchase more often than any other contemporary recordings. This strategy will undoubtedly increase advance ticket purchases and will increase attendance at the concerts.”

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The following is a letter from a professor at Xanadu College to the college’s president.

“The development of an extensive computer-based long-distance learning program will enhance the reputation of Xanadu College. This program would allow more students to enroll in our courses, thereby increasing our income from student tuition. Traditional courses could easily be adapted for distance learners, as was shown by the adaptation of two traditional courses for our distance learning trial project last year. Also, by using computer programs and taped lectures, faculty will have fewer classroom obligations and more time to engage in extensive research, thereby enhancing the reputation of Xanadu.”

———————————————

The following is a letter to the editor of the Roseville Gazette.

“Despite opposition from some residents of West Roseville, the arguments in favor of merging the townships of Roseville and West Roseville are overwhelming. First, residents in both townships are confused about which authority to contact when they need a service; for example, the police department in Roseville receives many calls from residents of West Roseville. This sort of confusion would be eliminated with the merger. Second, the savings in administrative costs would be enormous, since services would no longer be duplicated: we would have only one fire chief, one tax department, one mayor, and so on. And no jobs in city government would be lost — employees could simply be reassigned. Most importantly, the merger will undoubtedly attract business investments as it did when the townships of Hamden and North Hamden merged ten years ago.”

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The Department of Education in the state of Attra recommends that high school students be assigned homework every day. Yet a recent statewide survey of high school math and science teachers calls the usefulness of daily homework into question. In the district of Sanlee, 86 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week, whereas in the district of Marlee, less than 25 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week. Yet the students in Marlee earn better grades overall and are less likely to be required to repeat a year of school than are the students in Sanlee. Therefore, all teachers in our high schools should assign homework no more than twice a week, if at all.

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A recent study suggests that people who are left-handed are more likely to succeed in business than are right-handed people. Researchers studied photographs of 1,000 prominent business executives and found that 21 percent of these executives wrote with their left hand. So the percentage of prominent business executives who are left-handed (21 percent) is almost twice the percentage of people in the general population who are left-handed (11 percent). Thus, people who are left-handed would be well advised to pursue a career in business, whereas people who are right-handed would be well advised to imitate the business practices exhibited by left-handers.

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The following is a letter from an editor at Liber Publishing Company to the company’s president.

“In recent years, Liber has unfortunately moved away from its original mission: to publish the works of regional small-town authors instead of those of big-city authors. Just last year, 90 percent of the novels we published were written by authors who maintain a residence in a big city. Although this change must have been intended to increase profits, it has obviously backfired, because Liber is now in serious financial trouble. The only way to address this problem is to return to our original mission. If we return to publishing only the works of regional small-town authors, our financial troubles will soon be resolved.”

———————————————

Sadly, widespread negative images of businesspeople have been created in large part by television. Consider the fact that, although they make up a mere 10 percent of the characters in dramatic roles on television, businesspeople are responsible for about one-fifth of all the crime on television shows. In fact, in a recent survey of television producers, only 35 percent of the television roles for businesspeople were viewed as positive ones.

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The following appeared as part of a recommendation made by a faculty member to the president of a large university.

“Never once in our 150-year history as a university have we clarified our objectives. How, then, can we hope to adapt as an institution to the new challenges facing higher education. As a first step in this evolutionary process, therefore, we should send out questionnaires asking faculty members why they teach, asking students what they want from this university, and asking former students what they gained from their own education here. When the replies come in, we can tabulate them and formulate an official statement of our educational mission. This will surely result in improved programs at our university.”

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There is a general idea that a translation always fails to preserve some of the qualities that distinguish the original work — i.e., that ‘something always gets lost in translation.’ Writers, critics, and the general reading public unthinkingly accept this clichè. But this belief is unwarranted: translators are sometimes distinguished authors themselves, and some authors may even translate their own works. As the translator pointed out in the preface to an English version of Dante’s works, the violin and the piano make different sounds, but they can play what is recognizably the same piece of music.

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There is a general idea that waiters and waitresses are more likely to receive larger gratuities from large groups of people. A recent research study suggests this is not true. The researchers examined the relationship between the size of tips in restaurants and the number of meals charged on the bill. They found that, while most tips were around 15 percent, the minimum percentage considered appropriate, people dining alone tipped consistently more (19 percent) and those dining in groups of four or more tipped considerably less (13 percent) than this 15 percent standard. These results strongly suggest that people dining in a group are less likely to feel personally responsible for leaving an adequate or generous tip.

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Statistics collected from dentists indicate that three times more men than women faint while visiting the dentist. This evidence suggests that men are more likely to be distressed about having dental work done than women are. Thus, dentists who advertise to attract patients should target the male consumer and emphasize both the effectiveness of their anesthetic techniques and the sensitivity of their staff to nervous or suffering patients.

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The citizens of Forsythe have adopted healthier lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the healthiest citizens regularly eat.

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Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species’ extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species’ extinctions.

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The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.

“At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average length of a patient’s stay is two days; at the large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is six days. Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is about twice that of the Megaville hospital. The Saluda hospital has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about service at the local hospital. Such data indicate that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals.”

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The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a farming publication.

“With continuing publicity about the need for healthful diets, and with new research about the harmful effects of eating too much sugar, nationwide demand for sugar will no doubt decline. Therefore, farmers in our state should use the land on which they currently grow sugar cane to grow peanuts, a food that is rich in protein and low in sugar. Farmers in the neighboring country of Palin greatly increased their production of peanuts last year, and their total revenues from that crop were quite high.”

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The following appeared in a recommendation from the president of Amburg’s Chamber of Commerce.

“Last October the city of Belleville installed high intensity lighting in its central business district, and vandalism there declined almost immediately. The city of Amburg has recently begun police patrols on bicycles in its business district but the rate of vandalism there remains constant. Since high intensity lighting is apparently the most effective way to combat crime, we should install such lighting throughout Amburg. By reducing crime in this way, we can revitalize the declining neighborhoods in our city.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville Daily Newspaper.

“Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league softball and soccer, over 80,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league softball players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure from coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages apparently outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”

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It is known that in recent years, industrial pollution has caused the Earth’s ozone layer to thin, allowing an increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface. At the same time, scientists have discovered, the population of a species of salamander that lays its eggs in mountain lakes has declined. Since ultraviolet radiation is known to be damaging to delicate tissues and since salamander eggs have no protective shells, it must be the case that the increase in ultraviolet radiation has damaged many salamander eggs and prevented them from hatching. This process will no doubt cause population declines in other species, just as it has in the salamander species.

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the planning department of an electric power company.

“Several recent surveys indicate that homeowners are increasingly eager to conserve energy and manufacturers are now marketing many home appliances, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, that are almost twice as energy-efficient as those sold a decade ago. Also, new technologies for better home insulation and passive solar heating are readily available to reduce the energy needed for home heating. Therefore, we anticipate that the total demand for electricity in our area will not increase, and may decline slightly. Since our three electric generating plants in operation for the past 20 years have always met our needs, construction of new generating plants should not be necessary.”

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The following recommendation was made by the Human Resources Manager to the board of directors of the Fancy Toy Company.

“In the last three quarters of this year, under the leadership of our president, Pat Salvo, our profits have fallen considerably. Thus, we should ask for her resignation in return for a generous severance package. In Pat’s place, we should appoint Rosa Winnings. Rosa is currently president of Starlight Jewelry, a company whose profits have increased dramatically over the past several years. Although we will have to pay Rosa twice the salary that Pat has been receiving, it will be well worth it because we can soon expect our profits to increase considerably.”

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The following is a letter to the editor of a news magazine.

“Clearly, the successful use of robots on missions to explore outer space in the past 20 years demonstrates that robots could be increasingly used to perform factory work more effectively, efficiently, and profitably than human factory workers. The use of robots in factories would offer several advantages. First, robots never get sick, so absenteeism would be reduced. Second, robots do not make mistakes, so factories would increase their output. Finally, the use of robots would also improve the morale of factory workers, since factory work can be so boring that many workers would be glad to shift to more interesting kinds of tasks.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum to faculty from the academic vice president of Waymarsh University.

“So that we can better accomplish Waymarsh University’s academic goals, we should adopt the job-opportunity (job-op) program offered at Plateau Technical College and strongly encourage all students at Waymarsh to participate in it. The success of the job-op program at Plateau is evident: Over the past two years, more than 75% of the freshmen at Plateau have enrolled in the optional job-op program. Moreover, at Plateau, the grades of job-op students are consistently higher than those of other students, 90% of the job-op students receive job offers within a month after their graduation, and most former job-op students report much success in their careers.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the new president of the Patriot car manufacturing company.

“In the past, the body styles of Patriot cars have been old-fashioned, and our cars have not sold as well as have our competitors’ cars. But now, since many regions in this country report rapid increases in the numbers of newly licensed drivers, we should be able to increase our share of the market by selling cars to this growing population. Thus, we should discontinue our oldest models and concentrate instead on manufacturing sporty cars. We can also improve the success of our marketing campaigns by switching our advertising to the Youth Advertising agency, which has successfully promoted the country’s leading soft drink.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Armchair Video, a chain of video rental stores.

“Because of declining profits, we must reduce operating expenses at Armchair Video’s ten video rental stores. Raising prices is not a good option, since we are famous for our special bargains. Instead, we should reduce our operating hours. Last month our store in downtown Marston reduced its hours by closing at 6:00 P.M. rather than 9:00 P.M. and reduced its overall inventory by no longer stocking any film released more than two years ago. Since we have received very few customer complaints about these new policies, we should now adopt them at all other Armchair Video stores as our best strategies for improving profits.”

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In each city in the region of Treehaven, the majority of the money spent on government-run public school education comes from taxes that each city government collects. The region’s cities differ, however, in the value they place on public education. For example, Parson City typically budgets twice as much money per year as Blue City does for its public schools — even though both cities have about the same number of residents. It seems clear, therefore, that Parson City residents care more about public school education than do Blue City residents.

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The following appeared in a letter to the Grandview City Council from a local business leader.

“During last year’s severe drought, when the water supply in the Grandview city reservoir fell to an extremely low level, the city council imposed much more rigid water-rationing rules. But just after these rules were imposed, industrial growth in the area declined. This clearly shows that the new rationing rules have hurt industry in Grandview. Therefore, to promote the health of the local economy, the city council should now stop water rationing.”

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The following appeared in a magazine article about planning for retirement.

“Because of its spectacular natural beauty and consistent climate, Clearview should be a top choice for anyone seeking a place to retire. As a bonus, housing costs in Clearview have fallen significantly during the past year, and real estate taxes remain lower than those in neighboring towns. Nevertheless, Clearview’s mayor promises many new programs to improve schools, streets, and public services. Retirees in Clearview can also expect excellent health care as they grow older, since the number of physicians in the area is far greater than the national average.”

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The following appeared in a brochure promoting the purchase of local franchises for a national chain of gyms.

“Now is the time to invest in a Power-Lift Gym franchise so that you can profit from opening one of our gyms in your town. Consider the current trends: Power-Lift Gyms are already popular among customers in 500 locations, and national surveys indicate increasing concern with weight loss and physical fitness. Furthermore, last year’s sales of books and magazines on personal health totaled more than $50 million, and purchases of home exercise equipment almost doubled. Investing now in a Power-Lift Gym franchise will guarantee a quick profit.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Hyper-Go Toy Company.

“Last year, sales of our Fierce Fighter toy airplane declined sharply, even though the toy had been a top seller for three years. Our customer surveys show that parents are now more worried about youthful violence and are concerned about better education for their children. Therefore, to maintain profits we should discontinue all our action toys and focus exclusively on a new line of educational toys. Several other toy companies have already begun marketing educational toys and report sales increases last year of 200 percent. And since the average family income is growing, sales of new Hyper-Go toys should also increase.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from a vice president of the Megamart department store chain.

“For the third year in a row, the average household income in our country has risen significantly. That prosperity means that families are likely to be spending more time and money on leisure activities. Megamart stores should therefore concentrate on enlarging and promoting its line of products typically used in leisure activities: athletic and outdoor equipment, televisions, gourmet cooking equipment, and luggage and travel accessories.”

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The following appeared in an article in a magazine for writers.

“A recent study showed that in describing a typical day’s conversation, people make an average of 23 references to watching television and only 1 reference to reading fiction. This result suggests that, compared with the television industry, the publishing and bookselling industries are likely to decline in profitability. Therefore, people who wish to have careers as writers should acquire training and experience in writing for television rather than for print media.”

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The following appeared in the editorial section of a student newspaper.

“In a recent survey, most students who were studying beginning Russian gave higher course-evaluation ratings to classes taught by non-native Russian speakers than to classes taught by native Russian speakers. The reason that the non-native speakers were better teachers of Russian is easy to see: the non-native speakers learned Russian later in life themselves, and so they have a better understanding of how the language can be taught effectively. Therefore, in order to improve instruction for all languages and also save money, our university should hire non-native speakers as language instructors instead of trying to find and recruit native speakers.”

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The following article appeared in a recent issue of a college newspaper.

“Among all students who graduated from Hooper University over the past five years, more physical science majors than social science majors found permanent jobs within a year of graduation. In a survey of recent Hooper University graduates, most physical science majors said they believed that the prestige of Hooper University’s physical science programs helped them significantly in finding a job. In contrast, social science majors who found permanent employment attributed their success to their own personal initiative. Therefore, to ensure that social science majors find permanent jobs, Hooper University should offer additional social science courses and hire several new faculty members who already have national reputations in the social sciences.”

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The following appeared as an editorial in one of Coleville’s city newspapers.

“Even though a high percentage of Coleville City’s businesses failed last year, we who live in Coleville City should keep in mind the fact that the Coleville region has attracted a great many new businesses over the last three years. It is well known that new businesses are, on average, much more likely to fail than are long-established ones, so the business failures should not be considered a sign of poor economic health. Indeed, many analysts regard the presence of a significant number of new companies among a region’s businesses as a sign of economic health. Thus Coleville City appears to be in good, not poor, economic shape.”

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The following appeared in a corporate planning memo at ABC Cereal Company, the makers of Better Bran cereal.

“Sales of Better Bran have declined in recent years, for reasons that management has now identified. First, Better Bran is a cereal with high sugar content, and recent research studies have found that most consumers say they are concerned about the amount of sugar added to their breakfast cereal. Second, the price of Better Bran has increased by 5 percent in each of the last three years. Therefore, to increase our company’s profits we need to reduce the amount of sugar in Better Bran and lower Better Bran’s price.”

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The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.

“During her three years in office, Governor Riedeburg has shown herself to be a worthy leader. Since she took office, crime has decreased, the number of jobs created per year has doubled, and the number of people choosing to live in our state has increased. These trends are likely to continue if she is reelected. In addition, Ms. Riedeburg has promised to take steps to keep big companies here, thereby providing jobs for any new residents. Anyone who looks at Ms. Riedeburg’s record can tell that she is the best-qualified candidate for governor.”

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The following appeared as part of a memo from the manager of an automobile manufacturing company.

“Because the demand for our automobiles is expected to increase dramatically, we need to open a new manufacturing plant as soon as possible in order to continue to thrive. Our marketing projections indicate that 80 million people will want to buy our automobiles, yet our existing plant can only produce 40 million automobiles. The new plant can be opened on a part-time basis, with workers from our existing site rotating responsibilities, until an operational staff can be trained. A major airplane manufacturer was extremely successful using this part-time rotating strategy when it opened its new plant five years ago.”

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The following appeared as an editorial in a local newspaper.

“In order to attract visitors to Central Plaza downtown and to return the plaza to its former glory, the city should prohibit skateboarding there and instead allow skateboarders to use an area in Monroe Park. At Central Plaza, skateboard users are about the only people one sees now, and litter and defaced property have made the plaza unattractive. In a recent survey of downtown merchants, the majority supported a prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza. Clearly, banning skateboarding in Central Plaza will make the area a place where people can congregate for fun or for relaxation.”

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The following appeared in a newsletter from a political organization.

“In order to promote economic growth in the city, city residents should vote ‘yes’ on the state government’s proposal to build a new expressway linking the outlying suburbs directly to the city center. A direct link to the city center will enable downtown businesses to receive deliveries more frequently, so that downtown retailers will no longer run out of stock and city manufacturers will not be affected by shortages of materials. Booming businesses will attract qualified workers from all over the state, workers who will be able to take advantage of the new expressway to commute to work in our city. In addition to these advantages, hundreds of workers will be employed to build the expressway, further stimulating the local economy!”

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The following appeared as part of a memo from the manager of a hazardous-waste disposal company.

“Our new plan will help us better protect our staff against exposure to toxic chemicals: We are fitting each new safety suit with an alarm that will sound in the main control booth when the suit is punctured. The control booth will notify the managers on duty, who will then take the necessary steps to ensure employees’ safety. In addition to the obvious safety-related benefits, the fast reaction time will ensure minimal work stoppage and thus result in increased worker productivity and company profitability.”

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The following appeared in a recommendation from the planning department of the city of Transopolis.

“Ten years ago, as part of a comprehensive urban renewal program, the city of Transopolis adapted for industrial use a large area of severely substandard housing near the freeway. Subsequently, several factories were constructed there, crime rates in the area declined, and property tax revenues for the entire city increased. To further revitalize the city, we should now take similar action in a declining residential area on the opposite side of the city. Since some houses and apartments in existing nearby neighborhoods are currently unoccupied, alternate housing for those displaced by this action will be readily available.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.

“The members of the town school board should not be reelected because they are not concerned about promoting high-quality education in the arts in our local schools. For example, student participation in the high school drama club has been declining steadily, and this year the school board refused to renew the contract of the drama director, even though he had received many awards for his original plays. Meanwhile, over $300,000 of the high school budget goes to athletic programs, and the head football coach is now the highest-paid member of the teaching staff.”

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The following appeared in a memo from the sales manager of Eco-Power, a company that manufactures tools and home appliances.

“Many popular radio and television commercials use memorable tunes and song lyrics to call attention to the products being advertised. Indeed, a recent study of high school students showed that 85 percent could easily recognize the tunes used to advertise leading soft drinks and fast-food restaurants. Despite our company’s extensive advertising in magazines during the past year, sales of our home appliances declined. Therefore, to boost company profits, we should now switch to advertisements featuring a distinctive song.”

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The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls throughout the country.

“The surface of a section of Route 101, paved two years ago by McAdam Road Builders, is now badly cracked and marred by dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of Route 66, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. Appian Roadways has recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery, and it has hired a new quality-control manager. Because of its superior work and commitment to quality, we should contract with Appian Roadways rather than McAdam Road Builders to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls.”

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The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.

“There is now evidence that the relaxed manner of living in small towns promotes better health and greater longevity than does the hectic pace of life in big cities. Businesses in the small town of Leeville report fewer days of sick leave taken by individual workers than do businesses in the nearby large city of Mason City. Furthermore, Leeville has only one physician for its one thousand residents, but in Mason City the proportion of physicians to residents is five times as high. And the average age of Leeville residents is significantly higher than that of Mason City residents. These findings suggest that people seeking longer and healthier lives should consider moving to small communities.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the general manager of KNOW radio station.

“Several factors indicate that radio station KNOW should shift its programming from rock-and-roll music to a continuous news format. Consider, for example, the number of older people in our listening area has increased dramatically, while the total number of our listeners has recently declined. Also, music stores in our area report decreased sales of recorded music. Finally, continuous news stations in neighboring cities have been very successful, and a survey taken just before the recent election shows that local citizens are interested in becoming better informed about politics.”

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The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a local Solano newspaper.

“The Solano school district should do away with its music education programs. After all, music programs are not especially popular in our schools: Only 20 percent of our high school students participated in music programs last year. Furthermore, very few of the Solano district’s college-bound students are interested in majoring in music at the university level. Also, when the school district of our neighboring town of Rutherford eliminated its music programs two years ago, the overall grade point average in the high school increased by 10 percent the next year. Surely the money spent on Solano music programs could be better used to improve the quality of traditional academic courses.”

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The following appeared as part of an article in a local Beauville newspaper.

“According to a government report, last year the city of Dillton reduced its corporate tax rate by 15 percent; at the same time, it began offering relocation grants and favorable rates on city utilities to any company that would relocate to Dillton. Within 18 months, two manufacturing companies moved to Dillton, where they employ a total of 300 people. Therefore, the fastest way for Beauville to stimulate economic development and hence reduce unemployment is to provide tax incentives and other financial inducements that encourage private companies to relocate here.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Mira Vista College to the college’s board of trustees.

“At nearby Green Mountain College, which has more business courses and more job counselors than does Mira Vista College, 90 percent of last year’s graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers. But at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. To help Mira Vista’s graduates find employment, we must offer more courses in business and computer technology and hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumès and interviewing skills.”

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The following appeared as an editorial in the local newspaper of Dalton.

“When the neighboring town of Williamsville adopted a curfew four months ago that made it illegal for persons under the age of 18 to loiter or idle in public places after 10 p.m., youth crime in Williamsville dropped by 27 percent during curfew hours. In Williamsville’s town square, the area where its citizens were once most outraged at the high crime rate, not a single crime has been reported since the curfew was introduced. Therefore, to help reduce its own rising crime rate, the town of Dalton should adopt the same kind of curfew. A curfew that keeps young people at home late at night will surely control juvenile delinquency and protect minors from becoming victims of crime.”

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The following appeared in a memo written by a dean at Buckingham College.

“To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a new dormitory. Buckingham’s enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, should double over the next fifty years, thus making existing dormitories inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has increased in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, an attractive new dormitory would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.”

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The following appeared in a memo at the XYZ company.

“When XYZ lays off employees, it pays Delany Personnel Firm to offer those employees assistance in creating resumès and developing interviewing skills, if they so desire. Laid-off employees have benefited greatly from Delany’s services: last year those who used Delany found jobs much more quickly than did those who did not. Recently, it has been proposed that we use the less-expensive Walsh Personnel Firm in place of Delany. This would be a mistake because eight years ago, when XYZ was using Walsh, only half of the workers we laid off at that time found jobs within a year. Moreover, Delany is clearly superior, as evidenced by its bigger staff and larger number of branch offices. After all, last year Delany’s clients took an average of six months to find jobs, whereas Walsh’s clients took nine.”

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The following appeared as an editorial in the student newspaper of Groveton College.

“To combat the recently reported dramatic rise in cheating among college and university students, these institutions should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton’s, which calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect that others have cheated. Groveton’s honor code replaced an old-fashioned system in which students were closely monitored by teachers and an average of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported. The honor code has proven far more successful: in the first year it was in place, students reported twenty-one cases of cheating; five years later, this figure had dropped to fourteen. Moreover, in a recent survey conducted by the Groveton honor council, a majority of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature’s Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.

“Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville’s schoolchildren are required to participate in a ‘fitness for life’ program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age.”

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The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.

“Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community’s yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting.”

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The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.

“In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work.”

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The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.

“Of the two leading real estate firms in our town — Adams Realty and Fitch Realty — Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams’ revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch’s $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: Ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.”

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The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper.

“Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis.”

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The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.

“A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe’s jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is ‘Jazz Nightly,’ which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.

“In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc.

“Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.

“Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

“The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers.”

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The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of West Egg.

“Two years ago, our consultants predicted that West Egg’s landfill, which is used for garbage disposal, would be completely filled within five years. During the past two years, however, town residents have been recycling twice as much aluminum and paper as they did in previous years. Next month the amount of material recycled should further increase, since charges for garbage pickup will double. Furthermore, over ninety percent of the respondents to a recent survey said that they would do more recycling in the future. Because of our residents’ strong commitment to recycling, the available space in our landfill should last for considerably longer than predicted.”

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The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Alta Manufacturing.

“During the past year, Alta Manufacturing had thirty percent more on-the-job accidents than nearby Panoply Industries, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts believe that a significant contributing factor in many on-the-job accidents is fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Alta and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that our employees will get adequate amounts of sleep.”

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The following appeared in a memo from the chief executive of a video game company.

“We have recently been offered the opportunity to buy the rights to produce a video game based on the soon-to-be-published children’s book ‘Squirrel Power,’ by Peter Wood. While the cost of the rights is substantial and will place economic constraints on our company in the short-term, there are two reasons that the purchase of these rights will undoubtedly be a wise investment. First, Wood’s last three books have been best sellers and the movie based on his first book was highly profitable. Second, the popular characters and story line in ‘Squirrel Power’ will save us time in developing our video game, thereby reducing our costs.”

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The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green Thumb Gardening Center, a small business serving a suburban town.

“There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing their own vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine GreatGardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring.”

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The following appeared in a newsletter offering advice to investors.

“Over 80 percent of the respondents to a recent survey indicated a desire to reduce their intake of foods containing fats and cholesterol, and today low-fat products abound in many food stores. Since many of the food products currently marketed by Old Dairy Industries are high in fat and cholesterol, the company’s sales are likely to diminish greatly and their profits will no doubt decrease. We therefore advise Old Dairy stockholders to sell their shares and other investors not to purchase stock in this company.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia.

“Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria’s public health program treats far more people than our state’s program does. If we were to establish a state lottery like the one in Lucria, the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambling.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaper.

“Walnut Grove’s town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABC’s fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ. EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. Moreover, EZ — which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks — has ordered additional trucks. Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last year’s town survey agreed that they were ‘satisfied’ with EZ’s performance.”

———————————————

The following appeared in an editorial in a Prunty County newspaper.

“In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County recently lowered its speed limit from 55 miles per hour to 45 on all major county roads. But the 55 mph limit should be restored, because this safety effort has failed. Most drivers are exceeding the new speed limit and the accident rate throughout Prunty County has decreased only slightly. If we want to improve the safety of our roads, we should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths and resurfacing rough roads. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a letter from the manager of a rock band named Double Rice.

“One year ago, tickets for Double Rice’s concerts in stadiums around the country took, on average, at least 24 hours to sell out, if they sold out at all. But the band has been enjoying a surge in nationwide popularity among 14 to 25 year olds, and the 30,000 tickets for a recent concert in Megalopolis sold out in 12 minutes. Clearly the ticket sales in Megalopolis are a result both of the band’s increased popularity and of the advertising campaign run in Megalopolis by the Ad Lib advertising agency. Thus, in order to ensure that the band’s success in Megalopolis is repeated across the country, the band should hire Ad Lib to duplicate the Megalopolis ad campaign on a nationwide scale.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

“The population of Balmer Island increases to 100,000 duing the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island’s six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council is sure to attain the 50 percent reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year in the neighboring island of Torseau, when Torseau’s town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a memo from the new vice president of Sartorian, a company that manufactures men’s clothing.

“Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality wool fabric, we discontinued production of our deluxe alpaca overcoats. Now that we have a new fabric supplier, we should resume production. This coat should sell very well: since we have not offered an alpaca overcoat for five years and since our major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat, there will be pent-up customer demand. Also, since the price of most types of clothing has risen in each of the past five years, customers should be willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago, and our company profits will increase.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a memo from the president of a company that builds and sells new homes in Steel City.

“Over the past five years, the population of Steel City has increased by more than 20 percent, and family incomes in Steel City have risen much faster than the national average. Nationwide, sales of houses priced above $150,000 have increased more than have sales of lower-priced houses. Such data indicate that we should make changes in our business to increase company profits. First, we should build fewer low-priced houses than we did last year and focus instead on building houses designed to sell at above $150,000. Second, we should hire additional workers so that we can build a larger total number of houses than we did last year.”

———————————————

A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families, and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about eating healthily. Therefore, a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.

———————————————

The following appeared in a memo from the president of Viva-Tech, a manufacturer of high-tech medical equipment.

“In order to reduce costs, we should close some of our existing small assembly plants and build a large central plant. Grandview would be an ideal location for this new plant. First, of the locations that we have considered, Grandview has the largest adult population, so that we will be able to staff our plant quickly and easily. Second, since the average wage earned by workers in Grandview is less than that in the other locations, we should be able to keep production costs low. Last, as an inducement for us to build there, Grandview’s town council has offered to allow us to operate for the first three years without paying city taxes.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.

“Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View’s tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell’s economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View.”

———————————————

The following appeared in a memo from the chairperson of the school board in the town of Saluda.

“For the past five years, Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years. Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system.”

———————————————

The following appeared as part of a memo from the president of Automate, a company that manufactures automobiles.

“It has come to my attention that Sparks, Inc., the manufacturing company that just moved into our state, is advertising job openings at salaries that are twice as high as those paid to our experienced assembly-line workers. Some of our employees have already left to work for Sparks. In order to keep our best staff, we must pay them salaries equal to those Sparks pays its employees. Otherwise we will continue to lose employees in the future, because Sparks must staff the additional new plants that it plans to build in the state.”

———————————————

The following is a memo from the superintendent of the Mylar school district.

“A recent six-month study, in which breakfast was made available at school for 100 schoolchildren ages five to twelve, found that children on the breakfast plan were less likely than other children to be absent from or late for school. Clearly, eating breakfast before school plays a role in reducing student absenteeism and tardiness. It is also well known that children who regularly eat a healthful breakfast tend to perform better in school. Therefore, in order to reduce absenteeism and tardiness and to improve academic performance in all of Mylar’s elementary and secondary schools, we should provide breakfasts for all students before each school day.”

———————————————

When Ida McAllister ran for mayor of Lake City four years ago, she failed to win even 30 percent of the vote. But since then, McAllister has made public her commitment to environmental causes. She would be wise, therefore, to announce her intention to close all Lake City parks to automobile traffic, thus following the example of the former mayor of Plainsville, Alecia Yu . On the recommendation of a small group of concerned citizens, Mayor Yu prohibited automobile traffic in all Plainsville parks, and therefore was credited with solving the pollution problem and improving the quality of life in Plainsville. This action would have great appeal to the citizens of Lake City, most of whom participate in the community’s recycling program, and would guarantee McAllister’s success in her current quest to be Lake City’s new mayor.

———————————————

According to information recently reported in the Eliottown Gazette, the number of people who travel to Eliottown has increased significantly over the past several years. So far this year over 100,000 people have arrived on flights to Eliottown’s airport, compared with only 80,000 last year and 40,000 the year before. Eliottown’s train station has received more than 50,000 passengers this year, compared with less than 40,000 last year and 20,000 the year before. Clearly tourism in Eliottown has been increasing, thanks to the new Central Park and Museum of Modern Art that opened last year. Therefore, the funding for the park and museum should be increased significantly.

———————————————

The following appeared in the editorial section of a newsmagazine.

“Some states are creating new laws that restrict the use of handheld cell phones by drivers of automobiles. Such legislation, however, is sheer folly. Although some people with cell phones undoubtedly cause problems on the road, including serious accidents, the majority do not. Besides, problems are also caused by drivers who are distracted by any number of other activities, from listening to the radio to disciplining children. Since there is no need to pass legislation restricting these and other such activities, it follows that there is no need to restrict people’s freedom to use a device that they find convenient — or helpful in emergencies.”

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Until recently, people in Hiparia did most of their shopping by driving to shopping malls. They are beginning, however, to do more of their shopping by ordering merchandise from mail-order catalogs and the Internet. These purchases are delivered to them by mail or by a delivery service. For many purchases, Hiparians no longer need to drive to and from shopping malls; there will therefore be a resulting reduction in the consumption of vehicle fuel in Hiparia.

———————————————

The following report appeared in an archaeology journal.

“The discovery of distinctively shaped ceramic pots at various prehistoric sites scattered over a wide area has led archaeologists to ask how the pots were spread. Some believe the pot makers migrated to the various sites and carried the pots along with them; others believe the pots were spread by trade and their makers remained in one place. Now, analysis of the bones of prehistoric human skeletons can settle the debate: high levels of a certain metallic element contained in various foods are strongly associated with people who migrated to a new place after childhood. Many of the bones found near the pots at a few sites showed high levels of the metallic element. Therefore, it must be that the pots were spread by migration, not trade.”

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Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term study of a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.

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The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.

“Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia.”

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The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.

“Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field’s conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures.”

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Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a ‘Palean’ basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the BrimRiver from Palea. The BrimRiver is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river — the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.

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The following memo appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.

“An innovative treatment has come to our attention that promises to significantly reduce absenteeism in our schools and workplaces. A study reports that in nearby East Meria, where fish consumption is very high, people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds. Clearly, eating a substantial amount of fish can prevent colds. Since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work, we recommend the daily use of Ichthaid, a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil, as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Humana College.

“Last year the number of students who enrolled in long-distance degree programs at OmniU niversity increased by 50%. During the same year, Omni showed a significant decrease from prior years in expenditures for dormitory and classroom space, most likely because instruction in the long-distance programs takes place via interactive video computer connections. In contrast, over the past three years, enrollment at Humana College has diminished and costs of maintaining buildings have risen. Thus, to increase enrollment and solve the problem of budget deficits at Humana College, we should initiate and actively promote long-distance degree programs like those at Omni.”

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The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Excello Food Markets.

“In 90 towns where Excello has food markets, natural-food stores specializing in organic food products — products containing no chemical preservatives and made with foods grown without pesticides — have opened nearby as competitors. Surveys of our own customers reveal a growing concern about foods grown using pesticides or preserved with chemicals. Recently our market in Sun City participated in a local food tasting fair, and 75 percent of the fair goers who visited the Excello booth requested free samples of organic fruit. Such evidence indicates that to increase our profits, we should begin to stock a full line of organic food products in all our markets.”

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The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a food-distribution company with food-storage warehouses in several cities.

“Recently we signed a contract with The Fly-Away Pest-Control Company to provide pest-control services at our fast-food warehouse in Palm City, but last month we discovered that over $20,000 worth of food there had been destroyed by pest damage. Meanwhile, the Buzzoff Pest-Control Company, which we have used for many years, continued to service our warehouse in Wintervale, and last month only $10,000 worth of the food stored there had been destroyed by pest damage. Even though the price charged by Fly-Away is considerably lower, our best means of saving money is to return to Buzzoff Company for all our pest-control services.”

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The following appeared in a proposal from the economic minister of the country of Paraterra.

“In order to strengthen its lagging economy, last year the government of the nearby country of Bellegea began an advertising campaign to promote ecologically sound tourism (ecotourism). This year, the number of foreign visitors arriving at Bellegea’s main airport doubled, and per capita income in Bellegea increased by ten percent. To provide more income for the population of Paraterra and also preserve the natural environment of our tiny country, we too should begin to promote ecotourism. To ensure that our advertising campaign is successful, we should hire the current director of Bellegea’s National Tourism Office as a consultant for the campaign.”

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The following appeared as part of a business plan developed by the manager of the Rialto Theater.

“Despite its downtown location, the Rialto Movie Theater, a local institution for five decades, must make big changes or close its doors forever. It should follow the example of the new Apex Theater in the mall outside of town. When the Apex opened last year, it featured a video arcade, plush carpeting and seats, and a state-of-the-art sound system. Furthermore, in a recent survey, over 85 percent of respondents reported that the high price of newly released movies prevents them from going to the movies more than five times per year. Thus, if the Rialto intends to hold on to its share of a decreasing pool of moviegoers, it must offer the same features as Apex.”

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The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.

“Monarch Books should open a cafè in its store to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened a cafè. Monarch, which has been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer following because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Opening the cafè would clearly attract more customers. The cafè would require relatively little space. Space could be made for the cafè by discontinuing the children’s book section, which will likely become less popular given that the last national census indicated a significant decline in the percent of the population who are under age ten.”

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The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal.

“Arctic deer live on islands in Canada’s arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.”

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Although black bears are common in the eastern Canadian province of Labrador, grizzly bears — often similar in color, but much larger — were believed to exist only in the western provinces. Despite a nineteenth-century explorer’s account of having startled and narrowly escaped from a grizzly bear deep in the woods in Labrador, modern scientists find no physical evidence that grizzly bears have ever lived in Labrador. But recent research into the language and legends of the Innu, a people who have lived in Labrador for thousands of years, reveals that their language has words for two different kinds of bears, and their ancient legends attribute different characteristics to the two kinds of bears. Therefore, there probably were grizzly bears in Labrador, and the explorer’s account probably accurately identified the bear.

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Scientists studying historical weather patterns have discovered that in the mid-sixth century, Earth suddenly became significantly cooler. Although few historical records survive from that time, some accounts found both in Asia and Europe mention a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. Either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with Earth could have created a large dust cloud throughout Earth’s atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures significantly. A large meteorite collision, however, would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. Some surviving Asian historical records of the time, however, mention a loud boom that would be consistent with a volcanic eruption. Therefore, the cooling was probably caused by a volcanic eruption.

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The following appeared in a newspaper article published in the country of Corpora.

“Twenty years ago, one half of all citizens in Corpora met the standards for adequate physical fitness as then defined by the national advisory board on physical fitness. Today, the board says that only one quarter of all citizens are adequately fit and suggests that spending too much time using computers may be the reason. But since overall fitness levels are highest in regions of Corpora where levels of computer ownership are also highest, it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically fit. Instead, as shown by this year’s unusually low expenditures on fitness-related products and services, the recent decline in the economy is most likely the cause, and fitness levels will improve when the economy does.”

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The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newsletter on health issues.

“For the past decade, most health experts have advised teenagers to avoid eating greasy foods in order to prevent acne and related skin conditions

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The Pool of Issue Topics

In the analytical writing section of the GRE general test ,you will be presented with two Issue topics. WE  give  you 100 % surety that u will face the issues in your GRE test from this pool of issue topics.

The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Therefore, read your test topics carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.

Present your perspective on the issue  given below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.

“Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time.”
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“Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.”
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“Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.”
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“It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual.”
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“The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.”
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“The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.”
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“It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people’s behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts and minds.”———————————————
“What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything.”
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“Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated.”
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“The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.”
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“It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.”
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“As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.”

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“It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.”
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“Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.”
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“Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today’s world.”
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“It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice.”
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“Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.”
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“If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present.”
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“As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money.”
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“Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers.”
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“Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.”
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“It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance.”
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“The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative.”
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“The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.”
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“Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.”
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“The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.”
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“Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences.”
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“Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.”
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“The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others.”
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“The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job.”
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“Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.”
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“The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines.”
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“We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all.”
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“As societies all over the world have more and more access to new information, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive.”
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“People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do.”
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“Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are.”
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“The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society’s ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.”
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“Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.”
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“Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.”
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“Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions.”
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“If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.”
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“Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others—that is, the ability to achieve social harmony—should be a major goal in every school.”
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“Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.”
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“The bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effect of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single issue over a long period of time.”
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“Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.”
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“In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made.”
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“In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.”
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“Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with—much less contribute to—the quantity of information that is now available electronically.”
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“The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result, the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other.”
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“The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history.”
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“Learning for learning’s sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals.”
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“Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with school or college.”
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“Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified.”
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“People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.”
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“People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.”
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“To remain vigorous, any academic field needs to be led by truly independent thinkers who are willing to ignore established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumptions.”
———————————————
“The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.”
———————————————
“The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole.”
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“College students—and people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction.”
———————————————
” ‘Moderation in all things’ is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, ‘Moderation in most things,’ since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.”
———————————————
“The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns.”
———————————————
“Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.”
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“Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice, although they would probably deny such a preference.”
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“Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one’s friends, to one’s school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.”
———————————————
“Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful.”
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“Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works.”
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“Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy.”
———————————————
“Much of the information that people assume is ‘factual’ actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a ‘fact’ should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future.”
———————————————
“Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or group, it is far more worthwhile to give negative feedback.”
———————————————
“An individual’s greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person’s greatness are people who belong to a later time.”
———————————————
“Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.”
———————————————
“The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.”
———————————————
“Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them.”
———————————————
“We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.”
———————————————
“Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society.”
———————————————
“It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.”
———————————————
“No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.”
———————————————
“A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”
———————————————
“The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.”
———————————————
“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”
———————————————
“It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.”
———————————————
“Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars’ ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.”
———————————————
“Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.”
———————————————
“All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world’s most persistent social problems.”
———————————————
“People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic.”
———————————————
“Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.”
———————————————
“It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature.”
———————————————
“The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior.”
———————————————
“Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.”
———————————————
“There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.”
———————————————
“Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.”
———————————————
“If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens.”
———————————————
“National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults.”
———————————————
“Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world.”
———————————————
“Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals.”
———————————————
“Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.”
———————————————
“People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power.”
———————————————
“Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction—in other words, to make things as simple as possible.”
———————————————
“Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.”
———————————————
“No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking.”
———————————————
“Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.”
———————————————
“Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.”
———————————————
“The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.”
———————————————
“Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.”
———————————————
“A school or college should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts.”
———————————————
“Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image.”
———————————————
“Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplines—that is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciences—colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today’s increasingly work-oriented society.”
———————————————
“No matter what the situation, it is more harmful to compromise one’s beliefs than to adhere to them.”
———————————————
“The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.”
———————————————
“In most societies, competition generally has more of a negative than a positive effect.”
———————————————
“In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books.”
———————————————
“The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree.”
———————————————
“Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.”
———————————————
“Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.”
———————————————
“Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups.”
———————————————
“To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.”
———————————————
“Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear.”
———————————————
“Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve.”
———————————————
“While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.”
———————————————
“Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.”
———————————————
“The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.”
———————————————
“Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance.”
———————————————
“In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.”
———————————————
“Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.”
———————————————
“Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony.”
———————————————
“College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government.”
———————————————
“History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.”
———————————————
“Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.”
———————————————
“Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.”
———————————————
“The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience.”
———————————————
“The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.”
———————————————
“Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them.”
———————————————
“The media—and society in general—mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group.”
———————————————
“High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.”
———————————————
“The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient.”
———————————————
“To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own.”
———————————————
“Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it.”
———————————————
“People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups.”
———————————————
“As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.”
———————————————
“Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education.”
———————————————
“People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be.”
———————————————
“Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development”
———————————————
“In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.”
———————————————
“Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others.”
———————————————
“One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities.”
———————————————
“In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.”
———————————————
“The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.”
———————————————
“The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others.”
———————————————
“Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society.”
———————————————
“People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole.”
———————————————
“Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict.”
———————————————
“Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.”
———————————————
“All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science.”
———————————————
“Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress.”
———————————————
“Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum wishes to exhibit.”
———————————————
“Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people.”
———————————————
“In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.”
———————————————
“Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.”
———————————————
“Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.”
———————————————
“In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.”
———————————————
“Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.”
———————————————
“Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them.”
———————————————
“College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market.”
———————————————
“Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values.”
———————————————
“In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.”
———————————————
“The concept of ‘individual responsibility’ is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.”
———————————————
“Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.”
———————————————
“People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.”
———————————————
“Although, critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence of any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged.”
———————————————
“It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people’s lives.”
———————————————
“Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.”
———————————————
“In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.”
———————————————
“The pressure to achieve high grades in school seriously limits the quality of learning. An educational environment without grades would promote more genuine intellectual development.”
———————————————
“Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people.”
———————————————
“For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past.”
———————————————
“The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.”
———————————————
“It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.”
———————————————
“The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from its own citizens.”
———————————————
“All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects.”
———————————————
“Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view.”
———————————————
“In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings—trials, debates, meetings, etc—that are televised, the more society will benefit.”
———————————————
“The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will ‘be like’ the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.”
———————————————
“When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers.”
———————————————
“The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements is seriously diminishing the differences among cultures.”
———————————————
“Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’ capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.”
———————————————
“It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.”
———————————————
“Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.”
———————————————
“It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.”
———————————————
“With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences.”
———————————————
“In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal.”
———————————————
“When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people’s lives will be improved if the results are successful?”
———————————————
“So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.”
———————————————
“At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.”
———————————————
“We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed.”
———————————————
“It is possible to identify a person’s politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people—their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat—reflects their political beliefs.”
———————————————
“Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of these recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before.”
———————————————
“The past is no predictor of the future.”
———————————————
“Society’s external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself.”
———————————————
“Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.”
———————————————
“It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.”
———————————————
“Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern life.”
———————————————
“How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.”
———————————————
“The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.”
———————————————
“The university community consists of three different worlds—the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences.”
———————————————
“The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: ‘We live in terrible times.’ Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time.”
———————————————
“Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs.”
———————————————
“While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems.”
———————————————
“The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.”
———————————————
“What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another.”
———————————————
“Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.”
———————————————
“Every new generation needs to redefine ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time.”
———————————————
“What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.”
———————————————
“Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.”
———————————————
“The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.”
———————————————
“Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist’s creativity.”
*those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
———————————————
“It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value.”
*a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
———————————————
“A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing one’s principles.”
———————————————
“People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it.”
———————————————
“Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.”
———————————————
“Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble.”
———————————————
“The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects.”
———————————————
“Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.”
———————————————
“High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.”
———————————————
“The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.”
———————————————
“Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.”
———————————————
“Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.”
———————————————
“Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important.”
———————————————
“Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the society in which we live.”
———————————————
“There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or desires.”
———————————————
The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to students’ education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects.”
———————————————
“The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.”
———————————————
“The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.”
———————————————
“In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.”
———————————————
“One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed.”
———————————————
“Most people live, whether physically or morally, in a very restricted circle. They make use of a very limited portion of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis.”
———————————————
“Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes.”
———————————————
“In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority.”
———————————————
“Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people’s lives more comfortable.”
———————————————
“It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician.”
———————————————
“Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.”
———————————————
“Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other.”
———————————————
“The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.”
———————————————
“People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.”

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In the previous post we have provided you the top 10 and top 20 colleges of  graduate engineering schools for MS and PHD through GRE. Now u have provided list and details of Top 50 graduate engineering schools for MS and PHD through GRE  in the U.S.

1.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

School of Engineering

77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 1-206 Cambridge, MA 02139-4307

Admissions Phone:     (617) 253-2917

Admissions E-mail: mitgrad@mit.edu

Web site: http://web.mit.edu/admissions/graduate/

Electronic application:

http://web.mit.edu/admissions/graduate/how_to_apply/

2. Stanford University

Terman Engineering Center, Room 214 Stanford, CA 94305-4027

Admissions Phone:

(650) 723-4291

Admissions E-mail: gradadmissions@stanford.edu

Web site: http://soe.stanford.edu/

Electronic application:

http://gradadmissions.stanford.edu

3.University of California–Berkeley

College of Engineering

320 McLaughlin Hall # 1700 Berkeley, CA 94720-1700

Admissions Phone:

(510) 642-7405

Admissions E-mail: gradadm@berkeley.edu

Web site: http://www.grad.berkeley.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.grad.berkeley.edu/admissions/grad_app.shtml

4. Georgia Institute of Technology

College of Engineering

225 North Avenue Atlanta, GA 30332-0360

Admissions Phone:

(404) 894-1610

Admissions E-mail: gradstudies@gatech.edu

Web site: http://www.grad.gatech.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradadmiss.gatech.edu/

5.  University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign

1308 W. Green Urbana, IL 61801

Admissions Phone:

(217) 333-0035

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site: http://engineering.illinois.edu

Electronic application:

http://admissions.illinois.edu/apply/index.html

6. Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Institute of Technology

5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213

Admissions Phone: (412) 268-2478

Admissions E-mail:   N/A

Web site: http://www.cit.cmu.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.cit.cmu.edu/grad

7.  California Institute of Technology

1200 E. California Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91125-4400

Admissions Phone:

(626) 395-6346

Admissions E-mail: gradofc@its.caltech.edu

Web site: http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/admissionOnline.htm

8.University of Southern California (Viterbi)

Andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering

University Park, Olin Hall 200 Los Angeles, CA 90089-1450

Admissions Phone:

(213) 740-4530

Admissions E-mail: viterbi.gradadmission@usc.edu

Web site: http://viterbi.usc.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.usc.edu/dept/admissions/grad

9.  University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

College of Engineering

Robert H. Lurie Engineering Center Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2102

Admissions Phone: (734) 647-7090

Admissions E-mail: grad-ed@engin.umich.edu

Web site: http://www.engin.umich.edu/gradprograms

Electronic application:

http://www.engin.umich.edu/gradadmissions

10.  University of Texas–Austin (Cockrell)

Cockrell School of Engineering

1University Station, C2100 Austin, TX 78712-0284

Admissions Phone: (512) 475-7390

Admissions E-mail: adgrd@utxdp.its.utexas.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.utexas.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.utexas.edu/student/giac/

11 .Cornell University

College of Engineering

242 Carpenter Hall Ithaca, NY 14853

Admissions Phone:  (607) 255-5820

Admissions E-mail: ah33@cornell.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.cornell.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradschool.cornell.edu

12 . Purdue University–West Lafayette

College of Engineering

701 W. Stadium Avenue, Suite 2000 ARMS West Lafayette, IN 47907-2045

Admissions Phone:

(765) 494-5340

Admissions E-mail: graduate@ecn.purdue.edu

Web site: http://engineering.purdue.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradschool.purdue.edu/gradschool/indexflash.cfm

13. University of California–San Diego (Jacobs)

Jacobs School of Engineering

9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0403

Admissions Phone:

(858) 534-3555

Admissions E-mail: gradadmissions@ucsd.edu

Web site: http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.ogsr.ucsd.edu/admissions/application/

14 . Texas A&M University–College Station (Look)

Dwight Look College of Engineering

301 Wisenbaker Research Center, 3126 TAMU College Station, TX 77843

Admissions Phone: (979) 845-7200

Admissions E-mail: essap@tamu.edu

Web site: http://www.tamu.edu/admissions

Electronic application:

http://www.applytexas.org

15 . University of California–Los Angeles (Samueli)

Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science

6426 Boelter Hall, Box 951601 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1601

Admissions Phone: (310) 825-2514

Admissions E-mail: gradadm@ea.ucla.edu

Web site: http://www.engineer.ucla.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gdnet.ucla.edu/gasaa/admissions/applicat.htm

16 . University of Wisconsin–Madison

College of Engineering

2610 Engineering Hall Madison, WI 53706

Admissions Phone: (608) 262-2433

Admissions E-mail: gradadmiss@bascom.wisc.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.wisc.edu/

Electronic application:

N/A

17.University of Maryland–College Park (Clark)

A. James Clark School of Engineering

3110 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park, MD 20742-2831

Admissions Phone:

(301) 405-0376

Admissions E-mail: gradschool@umd.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.umd.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradapply.umd.edu

18 . Harvard University

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

29 Oxford Street, Room 217A, Pierce Hall Cambridge, MA 02138

Admissions Phone: (617) 495-5315

Admissions E-mail: admiss@fas.harvard.edu

Web site: http://www.gsas.harvard.edu

Electronic application:

https://apply.embark.com/grad/harvard/gsas/22

19 . Princeton University

School of Engineering & Applied Science

C230 Engineering Quadrangle Princeton, NJ 08544-5263

Admissions Phone:

(609) 258-3034

Admissions E-mail: gsadmit@princeton.edu

Web site: http://engineering.princeton.edu

Electronic application: http://gradschool.princeton.edu

20 . University of California–Santa Barbara

Harold Frank Hall 5120 Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5130

Admissions Phone:  (805) 893-2277

Admissions E-mail: admissions@graddiv.ucsb.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.ucsb.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.graddiv.ucsb.edu

21 . Columbia University (Fu Foundation)

Fu Foundation School of Engineering & Applied Science

500 W. 120th Street, Room 510 Mudd New York, NY 10027

Admissions Phone:(212) 854-6438

Admissions E-mail: seasgradmit@columbia.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.columbia.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.engineering.columbia.edu/admissions/grad/application/

22 . Northwestern University (McCormick)

Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering & Applied Science

2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208

Admissions Phone:

(847) 491-8532

Admissions E-mail: gradapp@northwestern.edu

Web site: http://www.northwestern.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.northwestern.edu/graduate/admission/adindex.html

23 . Pennsylvania State University–University Park

College of Engineering

101 Hammond Building University Park, PA 16802

Admissions Phone: (814) 865-1795

Admissions E-mail: gadm@psu.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.psu.edu

Electronic application:

N/A

24 . University of Minnesota–Twin Cities

Institute of Technology

117 Pleasant Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455

Admissions Phone:(612) 625-3014

Admissions E-mail: gsadmit@umn.edu

Web site: http://www.it.umn.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.grad.umn.edu/prospective_students/apply_online.html

25 . Johns Hopkins University (Whiting)

Whiting School of Engineering

3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218

Admissions Phone:

(410) 516-8174

Admissions E-mail: graduateadmissions@jhu.edu

Web site: http://engineering.jhu.edu

Electronic application:

http://grad.jhu.edu/admissions/admissions.htm

26 . University of Florida

300 Weil Hall Gainesville, FL 32611-6550

Admissions Phone:

(352) 392-0946

Admissions E-mail: admissions@eng.ufl.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.ufl.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.reg.ufl.edu/regadmi.htm

27 . Ohio State University

College of Engineering

2070 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1278

Admissions Phone:

(614) 292-9444

Admissions E-mail: gradadmissions@osu.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.ohio-state.edu

Electronic application:

http://gradapply.osu.edu

28 . University of Pennsylvania

School of Engineering and Applied Science

107 Towne Building Philadelphia, PA 19104

Admissions Phone: (215) 898-4542

Admissions E-mail: engstats@seas.upenn.edu

Web site: http://www.seas.upenn.edu/grad

Electronic application:

https://app.applyyourself.com/?id=upenn-eng

29 .University of Washington

College of Engineering

371 Loew Hall, Box 352180 Seattle, WA 98195-2180

Admissions Phone:

(206) 543-5929

Admissions E-mail: uwgrad@u.washington.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.washington.edu

Electronic application:

https://www.grad.washington.edu/applForAdmiss/

30 . Virginia Tech

College of Engineering

3046 Torgersen Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061-0217

Admissions Phone:

(540) 231-8636

Admissions E-mail: gradappl@vt.edu

Web site: http://www.grads.vt.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.grads.vt.edu

31 . North Carolina State University

PO Box 7901 Raleigh, NC 27695

Admissions Phone:

(919) 515-2872

Admissions E-mail:

N/A

Web site: http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/

Electronic application: http://www2.acs.ncsu.edu/grad/applygrad.htm

32 . Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Jonsson Engineering Center 3004 Troy, NY 12180-3590

Admissions Phone:

(518) 276-6216

Admissions E-mail:admissions@rpi.edu

Web site: http://www.rpi.edu

Electronic application:

N/A

33 . University of California–Davis

College of Engineering

1050 Kemper Hall, 1 Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616-5294

Admissions Phone:

(530) 752-8761

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site: http://engineering.ucdavis.edu

Electronic application:

http://gradstudies.ucdavis.edu/prospective/apply_online.html

34 . Rice University (Brown)

George R. Brown School of Engineering

PO Box 1892, MS 364 Houston, TX 77251-1892

Admissions Phone: (713) 348-4002

Admissions E-mail: grbsoe@rice.edu

Web site: http://engr.rice.edu

Electronic application:

http://rgs.rice.edu/Grad/Admissions/Application

35 . Duke University (Pratt)

305 Teer Building Durham, NC 27708-0271

Admissions Phone:

(919) 684-3913

Admissions E-mail: grad-admissions@duke.edu

Web site:http://www.pratt.duke.edu

Electronic application:

http://gradschool.duke.edu/

36 . University of California–Irvine (Samueli)

Henry Samueli School of Engineering

305 REC Irvine, CA 92697-2700

Admissions Phone:

(949) 824-4334

Admissions E-mail: soegradinfo@soemail.eng.uci.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.uci.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.grad.uci.edu/prospective/

37 . University of Virginia

School of Engineering and Applied Science

Thornton Hall Charlottesville, VA 22904-4246

Admissions Phone:

(434) 924-3897

Admissions E-mail: seas-grad-admission@virginia.edu

Web site: http://www.seas.virginia.edu/

Electronic application:

https://grad-admissions.seas.virginia.edu/admissions

38. University of Rochester

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Lattimore Hall, Box 270076 Rochester, NY 14627-0076

Admissions Phone:

(585) 275-4153

Admissions E-mail: gradstudies@mail.rochester.edu

Web site: http://www.seas.rochester.edu/SEAS/

Electronic application:

https://its-w2ks08.acs.rochester.edu/admgrad

39 .Vanderbilt University

VU Station B 351826, 2301 Vanderbilt Place Nashville, TN 37235

Admissions Phone:

(615) 322-2651

Admissions E-mail: vandygrad@vanderbilt.edu

Web site: http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.vanderbilt.edu/gradschool/

40 . University of Colorado–Boulder

College of Engineering and Applied Science

422 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0422

Admissions Phone:

(303) 492-5071

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site: http://www.colorado.edu/engineering

Electronic application:

http://ecadw.colorado.edu/engineering/prospective/how_apply_grad.htm

41 . Yale University

226 Dunham Lab, 10 Hillhouse Avenue New Haven, CT 06520

Admissions Phone:

(203) 432-2771

Admissions E-mail: graduate.admissions@yale.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.yale.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/

42 . Boston University

College of Engineering

44 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215

Admissions Phone:

(617) 353-9760

Admissions E-mail: enggrad@bu.edu

Web site: http://www.bu.edu/eng

Electronic application:

https://www.bu.edu/eng/grad

43 . Iowa State University

College of Engineering

104 Marston Hall Ames, IA 50011-2151

Admissions Phone:

(800) 262-3810

Admissions E-mail: grad_admissions@iastate.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.iastate.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.grad-college.iastate.edu

44 . Lehigh University (Rossin)

P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science

19 Memorial Drive W Bethlehem, PA 18015

Admissions Phone:

(610) 758-6310

Admissions E-mail: ineas@lehigh.edu

Web site: http://www3.lehigh.edu/engineering

Electronic application:

http://www3.lehigh.edu/engineering/admissions/gradadmission.asp

45 .Arizona State University (Fulton)

Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering

Box 879309 Tempe, AZ 85287-9309

Admissions Phone:

(480) 965-6113

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site: http://www.fulton.asu.edu/fulton/

Electronic application:

http://graduate.asu.edu/admissions

46 . Case Western Reserve University

School of Engineering

500 Nord Hall, 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106-7220

Admissions Phone:

(216) 368-4390

Admissions E-mail: gradadmit@cwru.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.case.edu/

Electronic application:

N/A

47 . University of Delaware

College of Engineering

102 DuPont Hall Newark, DE 19716-3101

Admissions Phone:

(302) 831-2129

Admissions E-mail:N/A

Web site: http://www.engr.udel.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.udel.edu/gradoffice

48 . Washington University in St. Louis (Sever)

Henry Edwin Sever Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science

1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1100 St. Louis, MO 63130

Admissions Phone:

(314) 935-7974

Admissions E-mail: gradengineering@seas.wustl.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.wustl.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.engineering.wustl.edu/applyonline.aspx

49 . University of Pittsburgh (Swanson)

1140 Benedum Hall Pittsburgh, PA 15261

Admissions Phone:

(412) 624-9800

Admissions E-mail: admin@engr.pitt.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.pitt.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.engr.pitt.edu/admissions/graduate/index.html

50 . University of Massachusetts–Amherst

College of Engineering

Room 125, Marston Hall Amherst, MA 01003

Admissions Phone:

(413) 545-0721

Admissions E-mail: gradinfo@resgs.umass.edu

Web site: http://www.ecs.umass.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.umass.edu/gradschool/

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In the previous post you can find the details  about top 10 medical colleges. Now  you have provided  details of  20 best medical graduate schools in u.s.

Top 10 Medical Schools

11. University of California–Los Angeles (Geffen)

David Geffen School of Medicine

12-138 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90095-1720

Admissions Phone: (310) 825-6081

Admissions Email: somadmiss@mednet.ucla.edu

Web site: http://www.medsch.ucla.edu

Admissions URL:

http://www.medstudent.ucla.edu/admiss

12.University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Medical School

1301 Catherine Road Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0624

Admissions Phone: (734) 764-6317

Admissions Email: umichmedadmiss@umich.edu

Web site: http://www.med.umich.edu/medschool/

Admissions URL:

http://www.aamc.org/students/amcas/start.htm

13.University of Chicago (Pritzker)

Pritzker School of Medicine

5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1000 Chicago, IL 60637-5416

Admissions Phone:

(773) 702-1937

Admissions Email: pritzkeradmissions@bsd.uchicago.edu

Web site: http://pritzker.bsd.uchicago.edu

Admissions URL:

N/A

14.University of Pittsburgh

School of Medicine

401 Scaife Hall Pittsburgh, PA 15261

Admissions Phone:

(412) 648-9891

Admissions Email: admissions@medschool.pitt.edu

Web site: http://www.medschool.pitt.edu

Admissions URL:

https://admissions.medschool.pitt.edu

15.University of California–San Diego

School of Medicine

9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0602

Admissions Phone:

(858) 534-3880

Admissions Email: somadmissions@ucsd.edu

Web site: http://meded.ucsd.edu/

Admissions URL:

http://meded.ucsd.edu/asa/admissions

16.Vanderbilt University

School of Medicine

21st Avenue S and Garland Avenue Nashville, TN 37232-2104

Admissions Phone:

(615) 322-2145

Admissions Email: N/A

Web site: http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/

Admissions URL:

http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/admissions/online_app.php

17.Baylor College of Medicine

1 Baylor Plaza Houston, TX 77030

Admissions Phone:

(713) 798-4842

Admissions Email: admissions@bcm.tmc.edu

Web site: http://www.bcm.edu

Admissions URL:

http://public.bcm.edu/admissions/suppapp.htm

18.Cornell University (Weill)

Weill Cornell Medical College

525 E. 68th Street New York, NY 10065

Admissions Phone:

(212) 746-1067

Admissions Email: wcmc-admissions@med.cornell.edu

Web site: http://www.med.cornell.edu

Admissions URL:

http://www.med.cornell.edu/education/admissions

19.Northwestern University (Feinberg)

Feinberg School of Medicine

303 E. Chicago Avenue, Morton Building 1-606 Chicago, IL 60611

Admissions Phone:

(312) 503-8206

Admissions Email: med-admissions@northwestern.edu

Web site: http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu

Admissions URL:

http://www.medschool.northwestern.edu/admissions/md/

20.University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill

School of Medicine

CB #7000, 4030 Bondurant Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7000

Admissions Phone: (919) 962-8331

Admissions Email: admissions@med.unc.edu

Web site: http://www.med.unc.edu/admit/

Admissions URL:

N/A

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1.Harvard University

Medical School

25 Shattuck Street Boston, MA 02115-6092

Admissions Phone:

(617) 432-1550

Admissions Email: admissions_office@hms.harvard.edu

Web site:http://hms.harvard.edu

Admissions URL:

http://hms.harvard.edu/admissions/default.asp?page=application

2.Johns Hopkins University

School of Medicine

733 N. Broadway Baltimore, MD 21205

Admissions Phone:

(410) 955-3182

Admissions Email: somadmiss@jhmi.edu

Web site: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org

Admissions URL:

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/admissions

3.University of Pennsylvania

237 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104-6055

Admissions Phone:

(215) 898-8001

Admissions Email: admiss@mail.med.upenn.edu

Web site: http://www.med.upenn.edu

Admissions URL:

http://www.med.upenn.edu/admiss/applications.html

4.Washington University in St. Louis

School of Medicine

660 S. Euclid Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110

Admissions Phone:

(314) 362-6858

Admissions Email: wumscoa@wustl.edu

Web site: http://medschool.wustl.edu

Admissions URL:

http://medschool.wustl.edu/admissions/

5 .University of California–San Francisco

School of Medicine

513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S224 San Francisco, CA 94143-0410

Admissions Phone:

(415) 476-4044

Admissions Email: admissions@medsch.ucsf.edu

Web site: http://medschool.ucsf.edu/

Admissions URL: http://medschool.ucsf.edu/admissions/

6.Duke University

N/A Durham, NC 27710

Admissions Phone:

(919) 684-2985

Admissions Email: medadm@mc.duke.edu

Web site: http://dukemed.duke.edu

Admissions URL:

http://dukemed.duke.edu/AdmissionsFinancialAid/index.cfm

7.Stanford University

School of Medicine

300 Pasteur Drive, Suite M121 Stanford, CA 94305

Admissions Phone:

(650) 723-6861

Admissions Email: mdadmissions@stanford.edu

Web site: http://med.stanford.edu

Admissions URL:

http://www.aamc.org

8.University of Washington

School of Medicine

PO Box 356340 Seattle, WA 98195

Admissions Phone:

(206) 543-7212

Admissions Email: askuwsom@u.washington.edu

Web site: http://www.uwmedicine.org

Admissions URL: http://depts.washington.edu/mdadmit/secondary

9.Yale University

School of Medicine

333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208055 New Haven, CT 06520-8055

Admissions Phone:

(203) 785-2643

Admissions Email: medical.admissions@yale.edu

Web site: http://info.med.yale.edu/ysm

Admissions URL:

http://info.med.yale.edu/education/admissions

10.Columbia University

630 W. 168th Street New York, NY 10032

Admissions Phone:

(212) 305-3595

Admissions Email: psadmissions@columbia.edu

Web site: http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/ps

Admissions URL:

http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/ps

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As we have provided the details of Top 10 graduate engineering schools for MS and PHD through GRE  in  our previous post. here  you have  provided the details of the top 20 graduate engineering schools for MS and PHD through GRE in U.S.

Top 10 graduate engineering schools for MS and PHD through GRE

11 .Cornell University

College of Engineering

242 Carpenter Hall Ithaca, NY 14853

Admissions Phone:  (607) 255-5820

Admissions E-mail: ah33@cornell.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.cornell.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradschool.cornell.edu

12 . Purdue University–West Lafayette

College of Engineering

701 W. Stadium Avenue, Suite 2000 ARMS West Lafayette, IN 47907-2045

Admissions Phone:

(765) 494-5340

Admissions E-mail: graduate@ecn.purdue.edu

Web site: http://engineering.purdue.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradschool.purdue.edu/gradschool/indexflash.cfm

13. University of California–San Diego (Jacobs)

Jacobs School of Engineering

9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0403

Admissions Phone:

(858) 534-3555

Admissions E-mail: gradadmissions@ucsd.edu

Web site: http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.ogsr.ucsd.edu/admissions/application/

14 . Texas A&M University–College Station (Look)

Dwight Look College of Engineering

301 Wisenbaker Research Center, 3126 TAMU College Station, TX 77843

Admissions Phone: (979) 845-7200

Admissions E-mail: essap@tamu.edu

Web site: http://www.tamu.edu/admissions

Electronic application:

http://www.applytexas.org

15 . University of California–Los Angeles (Samueli)

Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science

6426 Boelter Hall, Box 951601 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1601

Admissions Phone: (310) 825-2514

Admissions E-mail: gradadm@ea.ucla.edu

Web site: http://www.engineer.ucla.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gdnet.ucla.edu/gasaa/admissions/applicat.htm

16 . University of Wisconsin–Madison

College of Engineering

2610 Engineering Hall Madison, WI 53706

Admissions Phone: (608) 262-2433

Admissions E-mail: gradadmiss@bascom.wisc.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.wisc.edu/

Electronic application:

N/A

17.University of Maryland–College Park (Clark)

A. James Clark School of Engineering

3110 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park, MD 20742-2831

Admissions Phone:

(301) 405-0376

Admissions E-mail: gradschool@umd.edu

Web site: http://www.eng.umd.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradapply.umd.edu

18 . Harvard University

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

29 Oxford Street, Room 217A, Pierce Hall Cambridge, MA 02138

Admissions Phone: (617) 495-5315

Admissions E-mail: admiss@fas.harvard.edu

Web site: http://www.gsas.harvard.edu

Electronic application:

https://apply.embark.com/grad/harvard/gsas/22

19 . Princeton University

School of Engineering & Applied Science

C230 Engineering Quadrangle Princeton, NJ 08544-5263

Admissions Phone:

(609) 258-3034

Admissions E-mail: gsadmit@princeton.edu

Web site: http://engineering.princeton.edu

Electronic application: http://gradschool.princeton.edu

20 . University of California–Santa Barbara

Harold Frank Hall 5120 Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5130

Admissions Phone:  (805) 893-2277

Admissions E-mail: admissions@graddiv.ucsb.edu

Web site: http://www.engineering.ucsb.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.graddiv.ucsb.edu

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1.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

School of Engineering

77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 1-206 Cambridge, MA 02139-4307

Admissions Phone:     (617) 253-2917

Admissions E-mail: mitgrad@mit.edu

Web site: http://web.mit.edu/admissions/graduate/

Electronic application:

http://web.mit.edu/admissions/graduate/how_to_apply/

2. Stanford University

Terman Engineering Center, Room 214 Stanford, CA 94305-4027

Admissions Phone:

(650) 723-4291

Admissions E-mail: gradadmissions@stanford.edu

Web site: http://soe.stanford.edu/

Electronic application:

http://gradadmissions.stanford.edu

3.University of California–Berkeley

College of Engineering

320 McLaughlin Hall # 1700 Berkeley, CA 94720-1700

Admissions Phone:

(510) 642-7405

Admissions E-mail: gradadm@berkeley.edu

Web site: http://www.grad.berkeley.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.grad.berkeley.edu/admissions/grad_app.shtml

4. Georgia Institute of Technology

College of Engineering

225 North Avenue Atlanta, GA 30332-0360

Admissions Phone:

(404) 894-1610

Admissions E-mail: gradstudies@gatech.edu

Web site: http://www.grad.gatech.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradadmiss.gatech.edu/

5.  University of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign

1308 W. Green Urbana, IL 61801

Admissions Phone:

(217) 333-0035

Admissions E-mail: N/A

Web site: http://engineering.illinois.edu

Electronic application:

http://admissions.illinois.edu/apply/index.html

6. Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Institute of Technology

5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213

Admissions Phone: (412) 268-2478

Admissions E-mail:   N/A

Web site: http://www.cit.cmu.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.cit.cmu.edu/grad

7.  California Institute of Technology

1200 E. California Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91125-4400

Admissions Phone:

(626) 395-6346

Admissions E-mail: gradofc@its.caltech.edu

Web site: http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/admissionOnline.htm

8.University of Southern California (Viterbi)

Andrew and Erna Viterbi School of Engineering

University Park, Olin Hall 200 Los Angeles, CA 90089-1450

Admissions Phone:

(213) 740-4530

Admissions E-mail: viterbi.gradadmission@usc.edu

Web site: http://viterbi.usc.edu

Electronic application:

http://www.usc.edu/dept/admissions/grad

9.  University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

College of Engineering

Robert H. Lurie Engineering Center Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2102

Admissions Phone: (734) 647-7090

Admissions E-mail: grad-ed@engin.umich.edu

Web site: http://www.engin.umich.edu/gradprograms

Electronic application:

http://www.engin.umich.edu/gradadmissions

10.  University of Texas–Austin (Cockrell)

Cockrell School of Engineering

1University Station, C2100 Austin, TX 78712-0284

Admissions Phone: (512) 475-7390

Admissions E-mail: adgrd@utxdp.its.utexas.edu

Web site: http://www.engr.utexas.edu/

Electronic application:

http://www.utexas.edu/student/giac/

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1. Princeton University

Princeton simultaneously strives to be one of the leading research universities and the most outstanding undergraduate college in the world. As a research university, it seeks to achieve the

highest levels of distinction in the discovery and transmission of knowledge and understanding, and in the education of graduate students. At the same time, Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching.

http://www.princeton.edu

Princeton, NJ 08544,
609-258-3000

.2 Harvard University

harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636 by the colonial Massachusetts legislature,[2] Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. It is also the first and oldest corporation in North America.[4] Administratively, Harvard comprises ten primary academic units.[5]

Holyoke Center 3rd floor, 1350 Massachusetts Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02138,

3. Yale University

Yale University comprises three major academic components: Yale College (the undergraduate program), the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and the professional schools. In addition, Yale encompasses a wide array of centers and programs, libraries, museums, and administrative support offices. Approximately 11,250 students attend Yale.

New Haven, CT 06520, 203-432-5775

4. Stanford University

Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university located in Stanford, California, United States.

Stanford was founded in 1885 by former California governor and senator Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, as a memorial to their son Leland Stanford Jr., who died of typhoid in Europe a few weeks before his 16th birthday. The Stanfords used their farm lands to establish the university hoping to create a large institution in California.

Stanford enrolls about 6,700 undergraduate and about 8,000 graduate students from the United States and around the world every year. The university is divided into a number of schools such as the Stanford Business School, Stanford Law School, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford School of Engineering, etc.

Stanford, CA 94305, 650-723-2300

5. University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania (commonly referred to as UPenn or just Penn) is a private research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education[3] in the United States, and is one of several institIn FY2009, Penn’s academic research programs undertook more than $730 million in research, involving some 3,800 faculty, 1,000 postdoctoral fellows and 5,400 support staff/graduate assistants. Much of the funding is provided by the National Institutes of Health for biomedical research. Penn tops the Ivy League in annual spending, with a projected 2009 budget of $5.542 billion.[citation needed] In 2008, it ranked fifth among U.S. universities in fundraising, bringing in about $475.96 million in private support.

3451 Walnut St.,
Philadelphia, PA 19104,
251-898-5000

6 California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech)[3] is a private research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. The Institute maintains a strong emphasis on the natural sciences and engineering, and operates and manages NASA‘s neighboring Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Caltech is a small school, with only about 2100 students (about 900 undergraduates and 1200 graduate students),[2] but it is ranked in the top ten universities worldwide by metrics such as citation index[4], Nobel Prizes[5], and general university rankings.

1200 E California Blvd.,
Pasadena, CA 91125, 626-684-8111

7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological research. MIT is one of two private land-grant universities[b] and is also a sea-grant and space-grant university.

77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139,
617-253-1000

8. Duke University

Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892.[8] In 1924, tobacco industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment, prompting the institution to change its name in honor of his deceased father, Washington Duke.

The University is organized into two undergraduate and eight graduate schools.

Durham, NC 27708, 919-684-8111

9. Columbia University

2960 Broadway
New York, NY 10027
Employment Information Center at
(212) 851-1551.

10. University of Chicago

970 East 58th Street, Room 320
Chicago, Illinois 60637
Phone: 773-702-8903
E-mail: employment@uchicago.edu

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The Graduate Record Examination, can be defined as a standardized test, which includes the admission requirement for the graduate schools in the United States principally, and some other English speaking countries. The GRE – Graduate Record Examination has been created as well as is being administered by the Educational Testing Service (popular as ETS). This exam primarily focuses on testing the abstract thinking skills of the students. The areas that are covered include vocabulary, math and analytical writing.

GRE Exam

The GRE – Graduate Record Examination is a computer-based exam. The test is conducted by the select qualified testing centers in different parts of the world. However, those places (like Juneau, Alaska etc.) which still lack the proper technological requirements, are allowed paper-based exams.

During the process of graduate school admissions, the emphasis level upon the GRE scores varies between schools. It can also vary between the several departments within the same school. If the GRE score is nothing more than a mere formality in some of the schools, there are many schools where this score is regarded the most important selection factor.

GRE Pattern

:

The GRE – Graduate Record Examination comprises 2 separate tests. These include the General Test and the Subject Test in psychology.

• The General Test is divided into three parts:
  • Verbal
  • Quantitative
  • Analytical writing
• The scores of verbal and the quantitative tests each are between 200-800. A scale of 0 – 6 is used to keep the scores of the analytical writing test which are incremented by ½-point. The Subject Test checks the student’s knowledge in psychological concepts required for graduate study, which also has a score between 200-800.
• For admission to graduate school, the scores on the verbal and quantitative sections (excluding the Subject Test), matter the most. For admission to doctoral programs, it is important to score at least 550 on each test. Master’s programs are comparatively less competitive, so, scoring between 450-500 on each of the tests can be considered just fine. A score above 450 is expected for entry in any of the colleges.
• Registration is compulsory for taking the GRE. There are separate testing sites in each state. For the General test, you should register well ahead of time to get your choice of dates for the test. For the Subject Test, you will need to register in an advance of at least six weeks.
• Online registration can be done. Registration by mail is also another way. You need to fill up the registration form in the GRE Information and Registration Bulletin. The registration bulletin can be obtained from GRE- Online or by writing to: GRE, CN 6000, Princeton, NJ 08541-6000. Master’s programs are comparatively less competitive, so, scoring between 450-500 on each of the tests can be considered just fine. A score above 450 is expected for entry in any of the colleges.
• Registration is compulsory for taking the GRE. There are separate testing sites in each state. For the General test, you should register well ahead of time to get your choice of dates for the test. For the Subject Test, you will need to register in an advance of at least six weeks.
• Online registration can be done. Registration by mail is also another way. You need to fill up the registration form in the GRE Information and Registration Bulletin. The registration bulletin can be obtained from GRE- Online or by writing to: GRE, CN 6000, Princeton, NJ 08541-6000.

GRE Preparation

:

• To ensure a higher grade in GRE, it is very important to prepare yourself thoroughly.
• Get hold of review books and plan a systematic method of study, which will help you in brushing your skills in areas of vocabulary, analogies, reading comprehension, geometry and algebra.
• Cramming is no way to crack a GRE – Graduate Record Examination, all you need is time. It is advisable to start your preparation much before your registration.
• Planning the General Test in November is a wise decision, which will ensure your scores will be available well on time to meet any deadline during the admissions. Again, if you lose out, on the first trial, you will have sufficient time to re-take the test in December.

source-link

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